Abstract
The use of selective breeding is still relatively limited in aquaculture species. Information on such activities is sparse, hindering an overall evaluation of their success. Here, we report on the results of an online survey of the major aquaculture breeding companies operating in Europe. Six main reared fish species were targeted. A total of 31 respondents contributed to the survey, representing 75 % of European breeding organizations. Family-based breeding schemes were predominant, but individual selection was more frequently applied in marine species. Artificial fertilization is the preferred means of reproduction; however, mass spawning is often used as a fallback method. The most frequently selected trait is growth performance, but the number of selected traits has been increasing over the years through the addition of traits such as disease resistance or product quality. The use of molecular tools is now common in all programs, mainly for pedigree traceability. An increasing number of programs use either genomic or marker-assisted selection. Results related to the seed production market confirmed that for Atlantic salmon there are a few dominant players at the European level, with 30–50 % market share. Only part of the European fish aquaculture industry today fully exploits selective breeding to the best advantage. A larger impact assessment still needs to be made by the remainder, particularly on the market share of fish seed (eggs, larvae or juveniles) and its consequences for hatchery stability.
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Acknowledgments
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement AQUATRACE n° 311920. This work is the result of the collaborative effort of researchers working on the FP7 projects AquaTrace and FishBoost. A report including a more extensive review of the seed market will be delivered to the EU by the FishBoost project. The AquaTrace project acknowledges and thanks the many people who helped in the preparation and follow-up of the survey, in particular the national contacts who contributed in providing national production statistics when authoritative statistics were missing. The AquaTrace project also gratefully acknowledges the survey’s respondents for providing extensive technical information, which was crucial to fine-tune our survey on a wider range of issues.
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Appendices
Appendix 1
See Table 11.
Appendix 2
See Table 12.
Appendix 3
See Table 13.
Appendix 4
See Fig. 6.
Reproduction technologies implemented in the surveyed programs. Species in the programs: AS (Atlantic salmon), CC (common carp), ES (European sea bass), GS (gilthead sea bream), RT (rainbow trout), T (turbot). md missing data
Appendix 5
See Fig. 7.
Molecular tools implemented in the surveyed programs. Species in the programs: AS (Atlantic salmon), CC (common carp), ES (European sea bass), GS (gilthead sea bream), RT (rainbow trout), T (turbot). *Family-based selection; **Individual selection
Appendix 6
See Table 14.
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Chavanne, H., Janssen, K., Hofherr, J. et al. A comprehensive survey on selective breeding programs and seed market in the European aquaculture fish industry. Aquacult Int 24, 1287–1307 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-9985-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-9985-0