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Effects of C:N ratio and substrate integration on periphyton biomass, microbial dynamics and growth of Penaeus monodon juveniles

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Abstract

An outdoor growth trial was conducted for 75 days to investigate the effect of C:N ratio and bamboo substrate (S) in brackish water shrimp culture. Penaeus monodon juveniles (0.35 ± 0.03 g) were stocked in experimental tanks with and without bamboo substrate. C:N ratio of 10 and 20 was manipulated with shrimp feed containing 32 % crude protein and rice flour as carbohydrate source. Addition of substrate and higher C:N ratio (CN20+S) significantly reduced (p < 0.01) inorganic nitrogen NH3–N by 48.2 %, NO3–N by 41.6 %, NO2–N by 42.7 % compared with CN10. Substrate addition significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the turbidity by 22.4 % (CN10+S against CN10) and 20.7 % (CN20+S against CN20). Periphyton biomass and total heterotrophic bacterial load were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in CN20+S in comparison with CN10+S treatment. The autotrophic index increased from 123.4 ± 0.62 to 158.9 ± 3.8 for CN10+S and, 121.8 ± 1.6 to 228 ± 9.11 for CN20+S system. Provision of substrate and carbohydrate addition resulted in the highest body weight, 4.87 ± 0.12 g in CN20+S against 3.66 ± 0.07 g in CN20 and 2.90 ± 0.12 g in CN10 through provision of natural food in the form of periphytic algae and heterotrophic bacterial community. Treatment with substrates showed a higher survival rate by 7 % in comparison with without substrate treatments as it acted as shelter to shrimp during molting and there by reduced cannibalism. Thus, our results demonstrated that high C:N ratio and substrate addition improved growth, reduced FCR and better water quality conditions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Dr. A.G. Ponniah, the Director, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai and the Officer-in-Charge, Kakdwip Research Centre of CIBA, Kakdwip for providing the required facilities to conduct this study. Comments and suggestions of anonymous reviewers certainly improved the quality of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kakdwip Research Centre, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Kakdwip, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, 743 347, India

    P. S. Shyne Anand, Sujeet Kumar, T. K. Ghoshal, J. K. Sundaray, D. De, R. Ananda Raja & A. D. Deo

  2. Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (ICAR), 75, Santhome High Road, R.A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India

    A. Panigrahi, J. Syama Dayal, S. M. Pillai & P. Ravichandran

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan

    G. Biswas

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  1. P. S. Shyne Anand
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Correspondence to P. S. Shyne Anand.

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Anand, P.S.S., Kumar, S., Panigrahi, A. et al. Effects of C:N ratio and substrate integration on periphyton biomass, microbial dynamics and growth of Penaeus monodon juveniles. Aquacult Int 21, 511–524 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-012-9585-6

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