Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Validity of Social Support Scales Utilized Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Affected Populations: A Systematic Review

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
AIDS and Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Social support enhances self-management and prevention of behaviors and is typically assessed using self-report scales; however, little is known about the validity of these scales in HIV-infected or affected populations. This systematic review aims to identify available validated social support scales used in HIV-infected and HIV-affected populations. A systematic literature search using key search terms was conducted in electronic databases. After rounds abstract screenings, full-text reviews, and data abstraction 17 studies remained, two of which assessed multiple social support scales, which increased number of scales to 19. Most scales assessed positive social support behaviors (n = 18). Most scales assessed perceived social support (n = 14) compared to received social support. Reliability ranged from 0.67 to 0.97. The most common forms of validation reported were content validity and construct validity and the least was criterion-related validity. Future research should seek to build evidence for validation for existing scales used in HIV-infected or HIV-affected populations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Uchino BN, Bowen K, Carlisle M, Birmingham W. Psychological pathways linking social support to health outcomes: a visit with the “ghosts” of research past, present, and future. Soc Sci Med. 2012;74:949–57.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Cassel J. The contribution of the social environment to host resistance, the Fourth Wade Hampton Frost Lecture. Am J Epidemiol. 1976;104:107–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Moritsugu J, Vera E, Wong FY. Duffy KG. Community psychology: Psychology Press; 2015. p. 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Uchino BN. Understanding the links between social support and physical health: a life-span perspective with emphasis on the separability of perceived and received support. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2009;4:236–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Cohen S, Syme SL. Social support and health. New York: Academic Press; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Canty-Mitchell J, Zimet GD. Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of perceived social support in urban adolescents. Am J Community Psychol. 2000;28:391–400.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Wandersman L, Wandersman A, Kahn S. Social support in the transition to parenthood. J Community Psychol. 1980;8:332–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Waddell EN, Messeri PA. Social support, disclosure, and use of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Behav. 2006;10:263–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ingram KM, Jones DA, Fass RJ, Neidig JL, Song YS. Social support and unsupportive social interactions: their association with depression among people living with HIV. AIDS Care. 1999;11:313–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Russell D, Cutrona CE. Development and evolution of the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Unpublished manuscript, Center for Health Services Research, College of Medicine, University of Iowa; 1988.

  11. Uchino BN. Social support and health: a review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. J Behav Med. 2006;29:377–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Robbins M, Szapocznik J, Tejeda M, Samuels D, Ironson G, Antoni M. The protective role of the family and social support network in a sample of HIV-positive African American women: results of a pilot study. J Black Psychol. 2003;29:17–37.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Scott HM, Pollack L, Rebchook GM, Huebner DM, Peterson J, Kegeles SM. Peer social support is associated with recent HIV testing among young black men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2014;18:913–20.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Bastardo Y, Kimberlin C. Relationship between quality of life, social support and disease-related factors in HIV-infected persons in Venezuela. AIDS Care. 2000;12:673–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Pakenham KI, Dadds MR, Terry DJ. Relationship between adjustment to HIV and both social support and coping. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1994;62:1194.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Vandehey MA, Shuff IM, Diekhoff GM. Stage of HIV-Infection and social support networks: gay and bisexual men’s embeddedness, with family, friends, and partners. J HIV/AIDS Soc Serv. 2004;2:21–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lackner JB, Joseph JG, Ostrow DG, Eshleman S. The effects of social support on Hopkins Symptom Checklist-assessed depression and distress in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-positive and-negative gay men: a longitudinal study at six time points. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993;181:632–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Stowe A, Ross MW, Wodak A, Thomas GV, Larson SA. Significant relationships and social supports of injecting drug users and their implications for HIV/AIDS services. AIDS Care. 1993;5:23–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Leserman J, Petitto JM, Golden RN, Gaynes BN, Gu H, Perkins DO, et al. Impact of stressful life events, depression, social support, coping, and cortisol on progression to AIDS. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:1221–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Vyavaharkar M, Moneyham L, Tavakoli A, Phillips KD, Murdaugh C, Jackson K, et al. Social support, coping, and medication adherence among HIV-positive women with depression living in rural areas of the southeastern United States. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2007;21:667–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Iob E, Kirschbaum C, Steptoe A. Positive and negative social support and HPA-axis hyperactivity: evidence from glucocorticoids in human hair. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018;96:100–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lincoln KD. Social support, negative social interactions, and psychological well-being. Soc Serv Rev. 2000;74(2):231–52.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Mitchell MM, Maragh-Bass AC, Nguyen TQ, Isenberg S. The role of chronic pain and current substance use in predicting negative social support among disadvantaged persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care. 2016;28(10):1280–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Kapadia F, Siconolfi D, Barton S, Olivieri B, Lombardo L, Halkitis P. Social support network characteristics and sexual risk taking among a racially/ethnically diverse sample of young, urban men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2013;17:1819–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. CDC. HIV among African American gay and bisexual men. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2017.

  26. Vazan P, Mateu-Gelabert P, Cleland CM, Sandoval M, Friedman SR. Correlates of staying safe behaviors among long-term injection drug users: psychometric evaluation of the staying safe questionnaire. AIDS Behav. 2012;16:1472–81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Qiao S, Li X, Stanton B. Social support and HIV-related risk behaviors: a systematic review of the global literature. AIDS Behav. 2014;18:419–41.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. O’Brien K, Wortman CB, Kessler RC, Joseph JG. Social relationships of men at risk for AIDS. Soc Sci Med. 1993;36:1161–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kalichman SC, DiMarco M, Austin J, Luke W, DiFonzo K. Stress, social support, and HIV-status disclosure to family and friends among HIV-positive men and women. J Behav Med. 2003;26:315–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bearman KJ, La Greca AM. Assessing friend support of adolescents’ diabetes care: the diabetes social support questionnaire-friends version. J Pediatr Psychol. 2002;27:417–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lohr KN. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res. 2002;11:193–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. DeVellis RF. Scale development: theory and applications. New York: Sage publications; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cortes A, Hunt N, McHale S. Development of the scale of perceived social support in HIV (PSS-HIV). AIDS Behav. 2014;18:2274–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Darbes LA, Lewis MA. HIV-specific social support predicts less sexual risk behavior in gay male couples. Health Psychol. 2005;24:617.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Renwick R, Halpen T, Rudman D, Friedland J. Description and validation of a measure of received support specific to HIV. Psychol Rep. 1999;84:663–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Hudson AL, Lee KA, Miramontes H, Portillo CJ. Social interactions, perceived support, and level of distress in HIV-positive women. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2001;12:68–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Schwarzer R, Dunkel-Schetter C, Kemeny M. The multidimensional nature of received social support in gay men at risk of HIV infection and AIDS. Am J Community Psychol. 1994;22:319–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Saracino R, Kolva E, Rosenfeld B, Breitbart W. Measuring social support in patients with advanced medical illnesses: an analysis of the Duke–UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Palliat Support Care. 2015;13:1153–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Prado G, Feaster DJ, Schwartz SJ, Pratt IA, Smith L, Szapocznik J. Religious involvement, coping, social support, and psychological distress in HIV-seropositive African American mothers. AIDS Behav. 2004;8:221–35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Kim S, Ouellet LJ, Mazza J, Spaulding AC. Rasch analysis and differential item functioning of a social support measure in jail inmates with HIV infection. Eval Health Prof. 2017;40:33–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Dima AL, Stutterheim SE, Lyimo R, de Bruin M. Advancing methodology in the study of HIV status disclosure: the importance of considering disclosure target and intent. Soc Sci Med. 2014;108:166–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Epino HM, Rich ML, Kaigamba F, Hakizamungu M, Socci AR, Bagiruwigize E, et al. Reliability and construct validity of three health-related self-report scales in HIV-positive adults in rural Rwanda. AIDS Care. 2012;24:1576–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Saddki N, Sulaiman Z, Abdullah S, Zakaria N, Mohamad N, Ab Razak A, et al. Psychometric properties of the Malay version of the medical outcomes study social support survey (MOS-SSS) in a sample of patients with HIV. J HIV/AIDS Soc Serv. 2017;16:60–74.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Yu Y, Yang JP, Shiu C-S, Simoni JM, Xiao S, W-t Chen, et al. Psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the medical outcomes study social support survey among people living with HIV/AIDS in China. Appl Nurs Res. 2015;28:328–33.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Nunnally J, Bernstein I. Psychometric theory. 3rd ed. New York: Mc-Graw-Hill; 1994. p. 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sherbourne CD, Stewart AL. The MOS social support survey. Soc Sci Med. 1991;32:705–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Beaulieu M, Otis J, Blais M, Godin G, Cox JJ, Côté J, et al. A model of quality of life of women living with HIV. J HIV/AIDS Soc Serv. 2012;11:210–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Watt MH, Maman S, Golin CE, Earp JA, Eng E, Bangdiwala SI, et al. Factors associated with self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a Tanzanian setting. AIDS Care. 2010;22:381–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Hinnen C, Schreuder I, Jong E, van Duijn M, Dahmen R, van Gorp EC. The contribution of adult attachment and perceived social support to depressive symptoms in patients with HIV. AIDS Care. 2012;24:1535–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Meade CS, Sikkema KJ. Voluntary HIV testing among adults with severe mental illness: frequency and associated factors. AIDS Behav. 2005;9:465–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. McInerney PA, Ncama BP, Wantland D, Bhengu BR, McGibbon C, Davis SM, et al. Quality of life and physical functioning in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Nurs Health Sci. 2008;10:266–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Sarason IG, Levine HM, Basham RB, Sarason BR. Assessing social support: the social support questionnaire. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1983;44:127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Sarason IG, Sarason BR, Shearin EN, Pierce GR. A brief measure of social support: practical and theoretical implications. J Soc Pers Relationsh. 1987;4:497–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Hart TA, Heimberg RG. Social anxiety as a risk factor for unprotected intercourse among gay and bisexual male youth. AIDS Behav. 2005;9:505–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Wyatt AS. Prediction of hopelessness among HIV positive mothers: evidence for the social support buffering and diathesis-stress models. Diss Abstr Int Sect B Sci Eng. 1998;58(8-B):447.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Ingram KM, Betz NE, Mindes EJ, Schmitt MM, Smith NG. Unsupportive responses from others concerning a stressful life event: development of the Unsupportive Social Interactions Inventory. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2001;20:173–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Hutton VE. Companion animals and wellbeing when living with HIV in Australia. Anthrozoös. 2014;27:407–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. CDC. HIV surveillance report, 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2016.

  60. UNAIDS. Global AIDS update 2016. United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS; 2016.

  61. Watters JK, Biernacki P. Targeted sampling: options for the study of hidden populations. Soc Probl. 1989;36:416–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Viner RM, Ozer EM, Denny S, Marmot M, Resnick M, Fatusi A, et al. Adolescence and the social determinants of health. The Lancet. 2012;379:1641–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Luszczynska A, Sarkar Y, Knoll N. Received social support, self-efficacy, and finding benefits in disease as predictors of physical functioning and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Patient Educ Couns. 2007;66:37–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Rzeszutek M, Oniszczenko W, Żebrowska M, Firląg-Burkacka E. HIV infection duration, social support and the level of trauma symptoms in a sample of HIV-positive Polish individuals. AIDS Care. 2015;27:363–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Schulz U, Schwarzer R. Long-term effects of spousal support on coping with cancer after surgery. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2004;23:716–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Hong Y, Fang X, Li X, Liu Y, Li M. Environmental support and HIV prevention behaviors among female sex workers in China. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35:662–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Qiao S, Li X, Zhou Y, Shen Z, Tang Z. AIDS impact special issue 2015: interpersonal factors associated with HIV partner disclosure among HIV-infected people in China. AIDS Care. 2016;28:37–43.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Siegel K, Raveis VH, Karus D. Psychological well-being of gay men with AIDS: contribution of positve and negative illness-related network interactions to depressive mood. Soc Sci Med. 1994;39:1555–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Tate DC, Berg JJVD, Hansen NB, Kochman A, Sikkema KJ. Race, social support, and coping strategies among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. Cult Health Sex. 2006;8:235–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Gray JR, Beard MT. Uncertainty and spirituality in women with HIV/AIDS. J Theory Constr Test. 1999;3:55.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Gray J. Racial/ethnic differences in psychosocial factors among persons living with HIV/AIDS. J Multicult Nurs Health. 2002;8:50.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Shannon M, Lee KA. HIV-infected mothers’ perceptions of uncertainty, stress, depression and social support during HIV viral testing of their infants. Arch Women’s Mental Health. 2008;11:259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Burrage J, Demi A. Buddy programs for people infected with HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2003;14:52–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Emlet CA. A comparison of HIV stigma and disclosure patterns between older and younger adults living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2006;20:350–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Goodman ML, Serag H, Gitari S, Keiser PH, Dacso M, Raimer BG. Exploring pathways between HIV+ status and excellent overall health among Kenyan women: family functioning, meaningfulness of life, seroconcordance, social support and considering the need for integrated care. J Community Health. 2016;41:989–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Li L, Lee S-J, Thammawijaya P, Jiraphongsa C, Rotheram-Borus MJ. Stigma, social support, and depression among people living with HIV in Thailand. AIDS Care. 2009;21:1007–13.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Nyamathi A, Flaskerud J, Leake B, Chen S. Impoverished women at risk for AIDS: social support variables. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 1996;34:31–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Sajjadi M, Rassouli M, Bahri N, Mohammadipoor F. The correlation between perceived social support and illness uncertainty in people with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Iran. Indian J Palliat Care. 2015;21:231.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Clingerman EM. Participation in physical activity by persons living with HIV disease. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2003;14:59–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Kipp AM, Audet CM, Earnshaw VA, Owens J, McGowan CC, Wallston KA. Re-validation of the Van Rie HIV/AIDS-related stigma scale for use with people living with HIV in the United States. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0118836.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Rodgers AY. The relationship between changes in social social support and adjustment to AIDS in gay males. Soc Work Health Care. 1995;20:37–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Serovich JM, Kimberly J, Mosack K, Lewis T. The role of family and friend social support in reducing emotional distress among HIV-positive women. AIDS Care. 2001;13:335–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Chibnall JT, Videen SD, Duckro PN, Miller DK. Psychosocial—spiritual correlates of death distress in patients with life-threatening medical conditions. Palliat Med. 2002;16:331–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Su X, Lau JTF, Mak WWS, Chen L, Choi KC, Song J, et al. Perceived discrimination, social support, and perceived stress among people living with HIV/AIDS in China. AIDS Care. 2013;25:239–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Fleishman JA, Fogel B. Coping and depressive symptoms among young people with AIDS. Health Psychol. 1994;13:156–69.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Chen ML, Deng SL, Chang HK. A comparison of the health locus of control and perceived social support between cancer and AIDS patients. Scand J Caring Sci. 2001;15:92–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Tangkawanich T, Yunibhand J, Thanasilp S, Magilvy K. Causal model of health: health-related quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS in the northern region of Thailand. Nurs Health Sci. 2008;10:216–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Heckman TG, Somlai AM, Sikkema KJ, Kelly JA, Franzoi SL. Psychosocial predictors of life satisfaction among persons living with HIV infection and AIDS. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 1997;8:21–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Kyle RD, Sachs LG. Perceptions of control and social support in relation to psychosocial adjustment to HIV/AIDS. AIDS Patient Care. 1994;8:322–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Shah K, McMahon JM, Trabold N, Aidala AA, Chen M, Pouget ER, et al. Determinants of physical and global functioning in adult HIV-positive heterosexual men. AIDS Care. 2015;27:1079–86.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  91. Diaz RM, Ayala G, Bein E, Henne J, Marin BV. The impact of homophobia, poverty, and racism on the mental health of gay and bisexual Latino men: findings from 3 US cities. Am J Public Health. 2001;91:927.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Organista KC, Kubo A. Pilot survey of HIV risk and contextual problems and issues in Mexican/Latino migrant day laborers. J Immigr Minor Health. 2005;7:269–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Blaney NT, Goodkin K, Feaster D, Morgan R, Millon C, Szapocznik J, et al. A psychosocial model of distress over time in early HIV-1 infection: the role of life stressors, social support and coping. Psychol Health. 1997;12:633–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Murphy DA, Lu MC, Martin D, Hoffman D, Marelich WD. Results of a pilot intervention trial to improve antiretroviral adherence among HIV-positive patients. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2002;13:57–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Toth M, Messer LC, Quinlivan EB. Barriers to HIV care for women of color living in the Southeastern US are associated with physical symptoms, social environment, and self-determination. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2013;27:613–20.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  96. Rongkavilit C, Wright K, Chen X, Naar-King S, Chuenyam T, Phanuphak P. HIV stigma, disclosure and psychosocial distress among Thai youth living with HIV. Int J STD AIDS. 2010;21:126–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Persons E, Kershaw T, Sikkema KJ, Hansen NB. The impact of shame on health-related quality of life among HIV-positive adults with a history of childhood sexual abuse. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2010;24:571–80.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  98. Turner-Cobb JM, Gore-Felton C, Marouf F, Koopman C, Kim P, Israelski D, et al. Coping, social support, and attachment style as psychosocial correlates of adjustment in men and women with HIV/AIDS. J Behav Med. 2002;25:337–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Pinto RM, McKay MM. Do age and gender of social supports matter for low-income African-American women attending an HIV prevention program? J HIV/AIDS Soc Serv. 2005;3:5–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. John T, Ndebbio M. Perceived psychosocial needs, social support, quality of life and adjustment in subjects with HIV/AIDS. Afr J Nurs Midwifery. 2002;4:59–62.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Sethosa E, Peltzer K. Evaluation of HIV counselling and testing, self-disclosure, social support and sexual behaviour change among a rural sample of HIV reactive patients in South Africa. Curationis. 2005;28:29–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Prado G, Szapocznik J, Mitrani VB, Mauer MH, Smith L, Feaster DJ. Factors influencing engagement into interventions for adaptation to HIV in African American women. AIDS Behav. 2002;6:141–51.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  103. Ma W, Kang D, Song Y, Wei C, Marley G, Ma W. Social support and HIV/STDs infections among a probability-based sample of rural married migrant women in Shandong Province, China. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1170.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  104. Gore-Felton C, Koopman C, Turner-Cobb J, Duran R, Israelski D, Spiegel D. The influence of social support, coping and mood on sexual risk behavior among HIV-positive men and women. J Health Psychol. 2002;7:713–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Gore-Felton C, Power R, Durán R, Sarlati S, Palmer L, Koopman C, et al. Psychosocial factors associated with disclosure of HIV positive serostatus: understanding the influence of depression and social support. J HIV/AIDS Soc Serv. 2008;7:83–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Simoni JM, Demas P, Mason HR, Drossman JA, Davis ML. HIV disclosure among women of African descent: associations with coping, social support, and psychological adaptation. AIDS Behav. 2000;4:147–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Simoni JM, Frick PA, Huang B. A longitudinal evaluation of a social support model of medication adherence among HIV-positive men and women on antiretroviral therapy. Health Psychol. 2006;25:74–81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Angela Bardeen, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill librarian for her guidance in the development of the systematic review. We also thank Camille McGirt, MPH, and Catherine Grodensky, MPH for their assistance in the conceptualization and review of the articles.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (P30-AI50410). Ms. Wallace was supported by a National Research Service Award Predoctoral Traineeship from AHRQ (T32-HS000032).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 302 Rosenau Hall, 135 Dauer Drive, CB7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Deshira D. Wallace, Allison Pack, Christine Schalkoff, Sruthi Cherkur, Margot Schein, Matthew Go, Jackson Devadas, Edwin B. Fisher & Carol E. Golin

  2. UNC Center for AIDS Research, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Breana Uhrig Castonguay & Carol E. Golin

  3. Applied Social and Community Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, 640 Poe Hall, Campus Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7650, USA

    J. L. Stewart

Authors
  1. Deshira D. Wallace
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Allison Pack
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Breana Uhrig Castonguay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. L. Stewart
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Christine Schalkoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sruthi Cherkur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Margot Schein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Matthew Go
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jackson Devadas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Edwin B. Fisher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Carol E. Golin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deshira D. Wallace.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Deshira D. Wallace declares that she has no conflict of interest. Allison Pack declares that she has no conflict of interest. Breana Uhrig Castonguay declares that she has no conflict of interest. J.L. Stewart declares that she has no conflict of interest. Christine Schalkoff declares that she has no conflict of interest. Sruthi Cherkur declares that she has no conflict of interest. Margot Schein declares that she has no conflict of interest. Matthew Go declares that he has no conflict of interest. Jackson Devadas declares that he has no conflict of interest. Edwin B. Fisher declares that he has no conflict of interest. Carol E. Golin declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wallace, D.D., Pack, A., Uhrig Castonguay, B. et al. Validity of Social Support Scales Utilized Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Affected Populations: A Systematic Review. AIDS Behav 23, 2155–2175 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2294-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2294-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation