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Differential TIMP3 expression affects tumor progression and angiogenesis in melanomas through regulation of directionally persistent endothelial cell migration

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Abstract

The angiogenic potential of solid tumors, or the ability to initiate neovasculature development from pre-existing host vessels, is facilitated by soluble factors secreted by tumor cells and involves breaching of extracellular matrix barriers, endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration and reassembly. We evaluated the angiogenic potential of human melanoma cell lines differing in their degree of aggressiveness, based on their ability to regulate directionally persistent EC migration. We observed that conditioned-medium (CM) of the aggressive melanoma cell line BLM induced a high effective migratory response in ECs, while CMs of Mel57 and 1F6 had an inhibitory effect. Further, the melanoma cell lines exhibited a varied expression profile of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3), detectable in the CM. TIMP3 expression inversely correlated with aggressiveness of the melanoma cell line, and ability of the respective CMs to induce directed EC migration. Interestingly, TIMP3 expression was found to be silenced in the BLM cell line, concurrent with its role as a tumor suppressor. Treatment with recombinant human TIMP3 and CM of modified, TIMP3 expressing, BLM cells mitigated directional EC migration, while CM of TIMP3 silenced 1F6 cells induced directed EC migration. The functional implication of TIMP3 expression on tumor growth and angiogenic potential in melanoma was evaluated in vivo. We observed that TIMP3 expression reduced tumor growth, angiogenesis and macrophage infiltration of BLM tumors while silencing TIMP3 increased tumor growth and angiogenesis of 1F6 tumors. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TIMP3 expression correlates with inhibition of directionally persistent EC migration and adversely affects the angiogenic potential and growth of melanomas.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Erasmus Medical Instrumentation Service (EMI) for assistance with the development of the migration barrier, and Michael van der Reijden from the Department of Cell Biology for technical assistance. This study was supported in part by the Stichting Erasmus Heelkundig Kankeronderzoek (SEHK) and EU FP6 ChemoRes LSHC-CT-2007-037665.

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All authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Room Ee 0104a, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Asha M. Das, Ann L. B. Seynhaeve, Joost A. P. Rens, Cindy E. Vermeulen, Gerben A. Koning, Alexander M. M. Eggermont & Timo L. M. ten Hagen

  2. Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris, France

    Alexander M. M. Eggermont

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  1. Asha M. Das
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Correspondence to Timo L. M. ten Hagen.

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Das, A.M., Seynhaeve, A.L.B., Rens, J.A.P. et al. Differential TIMP3 expression affects tumor progression and angiogenesis in melanomas through regulation of directionally persistent endothelial cell migration. Angiogenesis 17, 163–177 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-013-9385-2

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