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Microbial composition of bioaerosols in indoor wastewater treatment plants

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Abstract

Wastewater treatment is one of the major biotechnological processes used to treat municipal and industrial sewage. All the steps involved in the removal of contaminants from wastewaters to treat municipal and industrial sewage represent a reservoir of a dynamic microbial communities with specific key players in the different process types. Aerosolized biological particles, defined as bioaerosols, can be generated during different steps of the wastewater treatment process. The goal of this study is to offer a comprehensive indoor-air microbiota description of numerous wastewater treatments plants using an amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing approach. To fill up the gap of the wastewater-bioaerosol microbial diversity literature, a site-related and seasonal variation of bioaerosol emission in eight indoor wastewater treatments plants is described targeting the 16S rRNA gene for bacterial community analyses. No significant differences were observed between summer and winter in terms of microbial diversity and composition. However, indoor pre-treatment and secondary treatment steps suggest the presence of different bacterial taxa, some of them being pathogens or opportunistic pathogens. Gut-associated flora was most abundant in the air collected during the biodegradation of organic matter of the wastewater treatment step and suggests that fecal contamination can persist in aerosols until the last steps of the process. The results suggest that wastewater workers could be exposed to pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms in aerosols released at every treatment step with a peak during degritting and degreasing. This study offers a comprehensive indoor-air microbiota description of waste water treatment plants—concluding a significant potential occupational risk.

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Data availability

All material requests and correspondence should be addressed to Caroline Duchaine. Raw sequence reads of every sample used in this study and that support its findings have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under the BioProject ID: PRJNA722754.

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Acknowledgmenent

We are grateful to all of the employees and managers of the WWT plants that participated in this study. We are also grateful to Evelyne Brisebois and to the members of the IRSST and that participated to field sampling for their technical assistance. The authors are thankful to Amanda Kate Toperoff and Michi Waygood for English revision of the manuscript.

Funding

HM is a recipient of the FRQNT PhD scholarship and received a short internship scholarship from the Quebec Respiratory Health Network and is the recipient of the Lab Exchange Visitor Award from the Canadian Society of Virology. This work was supported by the Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST Grant 2010–0050). CD is holder of Tier-1 Canada Research Chair on Bioaerosols.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre de recherche de l’institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada

    Hamza Mbareche, Marc Veillette, Vanessa Dion-Dupont & Caroline Duchaine

  2. Département de biochimie de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada

    Hamza Mbareche, Vanessa Dion-Dupont & Caroline Duchaine

  3. Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du travail (IRSST), Montreal, QC, H3A3C2, Canada

    Jacques Lavoie

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  1. Hamza Mbareche
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Correspondence to Caroline Duchaine.

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Mbareche, H., Veillette, M., Dion-Dupont, V. et al. Microbial composition of bioaerosols in indoor wastewater treatment plants. Aerobiologia 38, 35–50 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-021-09732-5

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