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Competition and facilitation within and between a snail and a mayfly larva and the effect on the grazing process

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Abstract

We studied the competitive effects within and between two taxonomically distant freshwater herbivores, a snail and a mayfly, common in Swedish lakes, Lymnaea peregra and Cloeon dipterum, respectively, and their effect on grazing in a laboratory experiment. The experimental set-up consisted of 2-l aquaria, each containing a periphyton covered tile. Intra- and interspecific effects were tested by increasing the density of one species at a time in four different treatments, (1) snails (intraspecific treatment), (2) mayflies (intraspecific treatment), (3) mixed-snails (interspecific treatments, snails kept constant) and (4) mixed-mayflies (interspecific treatments, mayflies kept constant). Intraspecific competition affected both snails and mayflies negatively, i.e. increasing mortality with increasing con-specific density. Furthermore, there was a decrease in snail growth with increasing snail density. In the mixed-species treatments both species changed their microhabitat use indicating interspecific competition. Despite this, we also found a positive effect of mayfly density on snail growth, most likely due to indirect commensalism. No density-dependent effect of grazing on periphyton was found, probably due to interference competition between grazers. However, there was a significant difference in periphyton biomass, due to species composition of grazers. Irrespective of their densities, if they co-existed, the two grazer species decreased the periphyton biomass significantly compared with both single-species treatments. We considered this as a joint action of facilitation and interaction. Our results suggest that competition can be an important structuring factor in macroinvertebrate communities and that species composition can be significant for ecosystem processes within lentic environments.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Marika Stenberg for field assistance and commenting on an early manuscript and Thomas Lakowitz for providing snails. Thanks also to Daniel Conley for linguistic help and the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology/Limnology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, 223 61, Sweden

    Pia Hertonsson, Kajsa Åbjörnsson & Christer Brönmark

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  1. Pia Hertonsson
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  2. Kajsa Åbjörnsson
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  3. Christer Brönmark
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Correspondence to Pia Hertonsson.

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Hertonsson, P., Åbjörnsson, K. & Brönmark, C. Competition and facilitation within and between a snail and a mayfly larva and the effect on the grazing process. Aquat Ecol 42, 669–677 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-007-9129-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-007-9129-8

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