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Enhanced In Vivo Bone and Blood Vessel Formation by Iron Oxide and Silica Doped 3D Printed Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds

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Abstract

Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics show significant promise towards bone graft applications because of the compositional similarity to inorganic materials of bone. With 3D printing, it is possible to create ceramic implants that closely mimic the geometry of human bone and can be custom-designed for unusual injuries or anatomical sites. The objective of the study was to optimize the 3D-printing parameters for the fabrication of scaffolds, with complex geometry, made from synthesized tricalcium phosphate (TCP) powder. This study was also intended to elucidate the mechanical and biological effects of the addition of Fe+3 and Si+4 in TCP implants in a rat distal femur model for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Doped with Fe+3 and Si+4 TCP scaffolds with 3D interconnected channels were fabricated to provide channels for micronutrients delivery and improved cell-material interactions through bioactive fixation. Addition of Fe+3 into TCP enhanced early-stage new bone formation by increasing type I collagen production. Neovascularization was observed in the Si+4 doped samples after 12 weeks. These findings emphasize that the additive manufacturing of scaffolds with complex geometry from synthesized ceramic powder with modified chemistry is feasible and may serve as a potential candidate to introduce angiogenic and osteogenic properties to CaPs, leading to accelerated bone defect healing.

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Acknowledgments

Authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the National Institutes of Health under Grant Numbers R01 AR066361 and do not have any possible conflict of interest. The authors would like to acknowledge help from Valerie Lynch-Holm and Dan Mullendore from Franceschi Microscopy & Imaging Center (FMIC), WSU and Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab (WADDL) with the in vivo staining procedures. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-2920, USA

    Susmita Bose, Dishary Banerjee, Samuel Robertson & Sahar Vahabzadeh

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  1. Susmita Bose
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  2. Dishary Banerjee
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  3. Samuel Robertson
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  4. Sahar Vahabzadeh
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Correspondence to Susmita Bose.

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Associate Editor Michael S. Detamore oversaw the review of this article.

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Bose, S., Banerjee, D., Robertson, S. et al. Enhanced In Vivo Bone and Blood Vessel Formation by Iron Oxide and Silica Doped 3D Printed Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds. Ann Biomed Eng 46, 1241–1253 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-018-2040-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-018-2040-8

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