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Fortschritte in der molekularen Epidemiologie der Tuberkulose

Advances in the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis

  • Leitthema
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Der Pneumologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Genotypisierung von Erregern des Mycobacterium-tuberculosis-Komplexes (MTBK) hat sich als Standardmethode für epidemiologische Studien und für Untersuchungen der Populationsstruktur etabliert. Klassische Anwendungen umfassen die Untersuchung von Laborkontaminationen sowie die Ermittlung von frischen Übertragungen und Ausbrüchen in einer Population. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Analyse der Übertragbarkeit und Ausbreitung multiresistenter MTBK-Stämme. Klassische Typisierungsmethoden sind das IS6110-DNA-Fingerprinting, die Spoligotyping- und die 24-Loci-MIRU-VNTR-Analyse. Diese Methoden basieren auf der Variabilität bestimmter repetitiver Sequenzen in den Genomen von MTBK-Isolaten und sind für verschiedenste Fragestellungen in molekularepidemiologischen Studien erfolgreich eingesetzt worden. Für die Spoligotyping- und die 24-Loci-MIRU-VNTR-Typisierung stehen webbasierte Analyseverfahren zur Verfügung (MIRU-VNTRplus-Datenbank). Neuere Ansätze basieren auf einer Genomanalyse mittels „Next Generation Sequencing“ (NGS). Die genombasierte Typisierung erlaubt eine deutlich bessere Unterscheidung klinischer Isolate und könnte in Zukunft die bisherigen „klassischen“ diagnostischen und Genotypisierungsverfahren ersetzen.

Abstract

Genotyping of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains has become a standard tool for epidemiological studies and for the investigation of the local and global population structure. Classical applications comprise the analysis of laboratory cross contaminations and the determination of recent transmission chains and outbreak. Of special importance is the analysis of the transmissibility and expansion of multidrug drug resistant strains. Classical genotyping tools are the IS6110-DNA-fingerprint, spoligotyping and the 24-Loci MIRU-VNTR techniques. They target repetitive sequences in the genome of MTBC strains and have been applied successfully to a number of molecular epidemiological questions. For spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR-typing online analysis tools are available (MIRU-VNTRplus). Newer approaches are based on Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) based genome analyses. Genome based typing offers a higher discrimination of clinical isolates and has the potential to replace classical diagnostic and genotyping techniques.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. S. Niemann und xxx geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. XXX§§§Bitte Verweise auf die Ref. 13 und 14 im Text ergänzen!§§§

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molekulare Mykobakteriologie, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Borstel, Deutschland

    S. Niemann

  2. Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Parkallee 1, 23845, Borstel, Deutschland

    S. Niemann

  3. Institut für Epidemiologie, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Deutschland

    R. Diel

  4. Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, Großhansdorf, Deutschland

    R. Diel

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Correspondence to S. Niemann.

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Niemann, S., Diel, R. Fortschritte in der molekularen Epidemiologie der Tuberkulose. Pneumologe 11, 21–27 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-013-0694-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-013-0694-3

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