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Course of transplant recipients treated with Ertapenem in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections: a first experience

Ertapenem in der Infektionsprophylaxe bei Organempfängern

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Zusammenfassung

GRUNDLAGEN: Infektionen sind die häufigsten Komplikationen nach Organtransplantationen. Bakterien gehören zu den häufigsten Erregern, wobei Entwicklung von Resistenzen gegen Antibiotika Anlass zu besonderer Sorge gibt. Ertapenem, ein neues Antibiotikum der Carbapenemgruppe mit langer Halbwertszeit, wurde kürzlich in die klinische Praxis eingeführt. METHODIK: Zwischen Jänner 2004 und Dezember 2004 wurden an der Innsbrucker Universitätsklinik insgesamt 50 Leber- und 32 Pankreastransplantationen durchgeführt. Vier Leber- und zwei Pankreasempfänger erhielten eine Prophylaxe oder Therapie mit Ertapenem. ERGEBNISSE: Fünf Männer und eine Frau mit einem mittleren Alter von 45 Jahren wurden mit Ertapenem behandelt. Die Immunsuppression bestand in einer Induktionstherapie mit ATG im Falle der zwei Pankreasempfänger und mit IL-2 Rezeptorantagonisten bei den drei Leberempfängern, gefolgt von Takrolimus, Mycophenolat Mofetil und Steroiden bei fünf Patienten. Ein Leberempfänger erhielt Cyclosporin A, Mycophenolat Mofetil und Steroide ohne Induktionstherapie. Beide Pankreasempfänger wurden wegen Transplantatpankreatitis und intraabdomineller Infektion mit Ertapenem behandelt. Der erste Leberempfänger erhielt Ertapenem prophylaktisch während einer Relaparotomie wegen intraabdomineller Blutung am zehnten postoperativen Tag. Der zweite und dritte Patient erhielten Ertapenem wegen Fieber unbekannter Ursache und der letzte Patient wegen einer Pneumonie mit extended-spectrum-betalactamase (ESBL) produzierenden Klebsiellen. Fünf Infektionsepisoden wurden erfolgreich behandelt; der letzte Patient verstarb an einer Sepsis durch Endokarditis, hervorgerufen durch die vorher isolierte ESBL-produzierende Klebsiella terrigena. Ein anderer Patient verstarb acht Monate später an einer Aspergillose. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Diese erste Serie von Leber- und Pankreasempfängern, welche Ertapenem erhielten, zeigt, dass dieses neue Carbapenem bei Transplantatempfängern einsetzbar ist, insbesondere bei Verdacht auf ESBL-produzierende Stämme oder wenn aerob-anaerobe Mischinfektionen vorliegen. Bei Infektionen mit ESBL produzierenden Keimen scheint eine verlängerte Antibiotikatherapie notwendig.

Summary

BACKGROUND: Infection remains the most common complication of solid organ transplantation (SOT) and bacteria are the most common causing organisms. Development of resistance gives reasons for concern. Ertapenem, a new carbapenem with long half life has recently been introduced in clinical practice. METHODS: Between January 2004 and December 2004 a total of 50 liver- and 32 pancreas transplants were performed at the Innsbruck Medical University Hospital. Four liver and two pancreas recipients received Ertapenem for prophylaxis or treatment of bacterial infections. RESULTS: There were five men and one woman with a mean age of 45 (range 32–60) years. Immunosuppression consisted of induction therapy with ATG in the two pancreas recipients and of IL-2 receptor antagonists in three liver recipients followed by tacrolimus, mycophenolate-mofetil and a steroid taper. One liver recipient received cyclosporine A, MMF and steroids without induction. Both pancreas recipients were treated with Ertapenem for graft pancreatitis and intraabdominal infection. The first liver recipient received Ertapenem prophylactically during relaparotomy for intraabdominal hemorrhage on day 10 post transplant; the second and the third patient for fever of unknown origin and the last for pneumonia caused by extended spectrum betalactamase producing Klebsiella. In five of the six cases infectious episodes were treated successfully; however, the last patient died from sepsis associated with endocarditis caused by ESBL producing Klebsiella and another liver recipient died eight months post transplant from aspergillosis. CONCLUSIONS: This first series of liver and pancreas recipients receiving Ertapenem shows that the new compound may be a suitable agent for treatment of infections in this selected population, in particular if ESBL producing strains may be involved and if a mixed spectrum of pathogens must be expected. Infections caused by ESBL producing pathogens may require prolonged therapy.

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Goegele, H., Berger, N., Kafka, R. et al. Course of transplant recipients treated with Ertapenem in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections: a first experience. Eur Surg 39, 196–202 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10353-007-0326-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10353-007-0326-4

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