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Secondary Metabolites of Alpinia galanga Induce toxic Effects in Polyphagous Lepidopteran Pest, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)

Sekundäre Metaboliten von Alpinia galanga induzieren toxische Wirkungen bei Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)

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Abstract

Crude plant extracts have been used as insecticides from ancient times. Keeping in view the environmental issues related to the excessive use of insecticides, plant derived products have been intensively investigated for their insecticidal potential. Alpinia galanga, a medicinal plant belonging to family Zingiberaceae exhibits a wide range of biologicial activities. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the anti-insect potential of A. galanga against Spodoptera litura (Fab.), a polyphagous pest causing economic losses to many agricultural crops in India. Addition of A. galanga extracts to the larval diet adversely affected the survival and development of S. litura. Ethyl acetate extract was found to be the most effective causing 67.50% larval mortality at 2500 ppm and extending the development period by 12.73 days as compared to control. Purified compounds isolated from A. galanga viz. 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate and galangin exhibited more larvicidal activity in comparison to crude extracts. Both of the compounds also retarded the development of S. litura. The present study implies that A. galanga extracts have the potential to manage insect pests, although there is need to evaluate the field efficacy.

Zusammenfassung

Rohe Pflanzenextrakte werden seit der Antike als Insektizide verwendet. Angesichts der Umweltprobleme im Zusammenhang mit dem exzessiven Einsatz von Insektiziden werden Pflanzenextrakte intensiv auf ihr insektizides Potenzial hin untersucht. Alpinia galanga, eine zur Familie der Zingiberaceae gehörende Heilpflanze, weist ein breites Spektrum an biologischen Aktivitäten auf. Daher zielt die vorliegende Studie darauf ab, das insektenabwehrende Potenzial von A. galanga gegen Spodoptera litura (Fab.) zu evaluieren, einen polyphagen Schädling, der bei vielen landwirtschaftlichen Nutzpflanzen in Indien für wirtschaftliche Verluste sorgt. Die Zugabe von A.-galanga-Extrakten zur Nahrung der Larven beeinträchtigte das Überleben und die Entwicklung von S. litura. Der Ethylacetatextrakt erwies sich als am wirksamsten, da er bei 2500 ppm eine Mortalität von 67,50 % der Larven verursachte und die Entwicklungszeit im Vergleich zur Kontrolle um 12,73 Tage verlängerte. Aufgereinigte Komponenten, die aus A. galanga isoliert wurden, nämlich 1′-Acetoxychavicolacetat und Galangin, wiesen im Vergleich zu Rohextrakten eine höhere larvizide Aktivität auf. Beide Verbindungen verzögerten auch die Entwicklung von S. litura. Die vorliegende Studie deutet darauf hin, dass A.-galanga-Extrakte das Potenzial haben, Insektenschädlinge zu bekämpfen, auch wenn die Wirksamkeit in Feldstudien noch bewertet werden muss.

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Funding

Financial assistance received from University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, under the Scheme University with Potential for Excellence (UPE) and UGC-SAP (No. F. 4‑4/2016/DRS‑1 (SAP-II) is duly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India

    Rahul Datta & Sanehdeep Kaur

  2. Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India

    Amandeep Kaur, Isha Saraf & Inder Pal Singh

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  1. Rahul Datta
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  2. Amandeep Kaur
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  4. Inder Pal Singh
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Correspondence to Sanehdeep Kaur.

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R. Datta, A. Kaur, I. Saraf, I.P. Singh and S. Kaur declare that they have no competing interests.

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Datta, R., Kaur, A., Saraf, I. et al. Secondary Metabolites of Alpinia galanga Induce toxic Effects in Polyphagous Lepidopteran Pest, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). Gesunde Pflanzen 72, 311–320 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00514-6

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