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Moringa Oleifera—Establishment and Multiplication of Different Ecotypes In Vitro

Moringa oleifera – Etablierung und Vermehrung verschiedener Ökotypen in vitro

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Abstract

To obtain healthy plant material from Moringa oleifera regardless of season, weather, and degree of infestation, a procedure to establish an in vitro culture of M. oleifera from nodes using 0.2 % mercury chloride was developed. It was not possible to create an in vitro culture of M. oleifera from seeds. Nodes were cultivated on MS medium with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and agar contents to find the best conditions for rapid growth and optimum multiplication. The highest multiplication ability of the different plant parts, especially the base parts of M. oleifera in vitro plants, was observed after 3 weeks of cultivation on MS medium with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP. Callus formation increases with increased BAP concentration (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1 mg l−1 BAP). Furthermore, the use of two phytohormones, indole-3-acetic acid and thidiazuron—led to very strong callus formation of adaxial and abaxial orientated leaves on MS medium. This formation was only observed for material that was light induced for 24 h prior to cultivation under dark conditions. Analysis of the glucosinolate content of M. oleifera leaves revealed a different glucosinolate profile of plants cultivated in vitro and in soil beds in the greenhouse. Whereas in greenhouse leaves rhamnopyranosyloxy-benzyl glucosinolates were abundant, the precursor benzyl glucosinolate was found in in vitro cultures.

Zusammenfassung

Um unabhängig von der Jahreszeit, dem Wetter und Schaderregerbefall gesundes Pflanzenmaterial von Moringa oleifera zur Verfügung zu haben, wurde eine Methode zur Etablierung einer in vitro-Kultur von M. oleifera aus Nodien unter Verwendung von 0,2 % Quecksilberchlorid entwickelt. Nodien wurden in MS-Medium mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen von Benzylaminopurin (BAP) und unterschiedlichen Agar-Gehalten kultiviert, um bestmögliche Bedingungen für ein schnelles Wachstum und eine optimale Vermehrung zu ermitteln. Die höchste Vermehrungsfähigkeit der unterschiedlichen Pflanzenabschnitte, besonders der Basisbereiche der in vitro-Pflanze, wurde nach dreiwöchiger Kultivierung auf MS-Medium mit 0,5 mg l−1 BAP festgestellt. Die Bildung von Kallus nahm mit einer erhöhten BAP-Konzentration zu (0, 0,5, 0,75, 1 mg l−1 BAP). Weiterhin führte die Verwendung der Phytohormone 3-Indolessigsäure und Thidiazuron zu einer starken Kallusbildung von auf dem MS-Medium adaxial und abaxial orientierten aufgelegten Blättern. Die Kallusentstehung wurde nur bei Material, welches für 24 h vor der Dunkelkultivierung lichtinduziert wurde, beobachtet. Analysen des Glucosinolatgehaltes von M. oleifera-Blättern zeigten, dass die in vitro-Pflanzen im Vergleich zu den Pflanzen, welche in mit Erde gefüllten Gewächshausbeeten wuchsen, ein unterschiedliches Glucosinolatprofil aufwiesen. Während in den Gewächshausblättern Rhamnopyranosyl-Benzylglucosinolate detektiert wurden, konnte im in vitro-Material hauptsächlich der Präkursor, das Benzylglucosinolat, bestimmt werden.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) for providing us with seed material from different Moringa oleifera ecotypes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lentzeallee 55–57, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Nadja Förster MSc. & Christian Ulrichs

  2. Department of Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Großbeeren, Germany

    Inga Mewis

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  1. Nadja Förster MSc.
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  2. Inga Mewis
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  3. Christian Ulrichs
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Correspondence to Nadja Förster MSc..

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Förster, N., Mewis, I. & Ulrichs, C. Moringa Oleifera—Establishment and Multiplication of Different Ecotypes In Vitro . Gesunde Pflanzen 65, 21–31 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-013-0291-8

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