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Spatial and temporal patterns at small scale in Austrocedrus chilensis diseased forests and their effect on disease progression

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Abstract

Austrocedrus chilensis is an endemic conifer of Patagonia that suffers a widespread mortality whose causes are a topic of discussion. Since Phytophthora austrocedrae is the most probable cause, we proposed that the spatial and temporal patterns of disease at small scale should reflect pathogen behavior. We aimed at characterizing the spatial and temporal patterns of diseased trees in different soil types and the effect of microsite variability on diseased trees spatial pattern. The spatial pattern of disease was influenced by soil type and tree density. In clay soils with low disease incidence (ca. 25%), the spatial pattern was random and not influenced by abiotic microsite conditions. When disease incidence increased (ca. 70%), concurring with denser plots, the spatial pattern was clustered, as a result of an infection process, and it was independent of microsite variability. In soils with better drainage conditions, that is, alluvial soils with volcanic ash input and coarse textured volcanic soils, the disease was clustered and associated with flat microtopographies. The progression of the disease at small scale was influenced by soil, precipitation and tree density. The spatial and temporal patterns of disease progression were associated with a contagion process and with environmental variables that affect drainage, coinciding with Phytophthora biology and requirements. Our results concur in pointing at Phytophthora as the cause of A. chilensis disease in the study area. Management practices should be urgently applied in order to minimize the spread of the inoculum.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to A. Greslebin for enriching discussions about A. chilensis disease and to T. Kitzberger for his advice about this study. We acknowledge A. Greslebin and M.L. Velez for ELISA immunoassays and J. Monges and students for their help with the fieldwork. Futaleufú Dam facilitated precipitation data. Administración de Parques Nacionales, Mr. Rowland and Mr. F. Jassimovich allowed the access to the study sites. This research was funded by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica (PICTO 36776).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CIEFAP) and Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Ruta 259 Km 4, C.C. 14, 9200, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina

    Ludmila La Manna

  2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina

    Ludmila La Manna

  3. CONICET, Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 3, Piso 4, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Silvia Diana Matteucci

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  1. Ludmila La Manna
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  2. Silvia Diana Matteucci
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Correspondence to Ludmila La Manna.

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Communicated by R. Matyssek.

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La Manna, L., Matteucci, S.D. Spatial and temporal patterns at small scale in Austrocedrus chilensis diseased forests and their effect on disease progression. Eur J Forest Res 131, 1487–1499 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-012-0617-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-012-0617-6

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