Abstract
Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) conditions using LED lamps on culture of shoot explants derived from in vitro shoots of Fragaria x ananassa cv. Festival. To examine the combined effect of 55% red LED, 15% far red LED, 10% blue LED, 15% green LED and 5% warm light LED light on in vitro growth of plantlets, fresh and dry plant biomass, plant height, leaf area, number of shoot, shoot length, number of root and percentage of rooting and various growth of micro-propagated plants were assessed under four light intensities (25, 50, 75 and 100 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD; TRT2, TRT3, TRT4, TRT5, respectively). Un-rooted strawberry shoots were cultured in the “Culture Pack”-rockwool system with MS medium under CO2-enriched condition. The best response for regeneration of shoots and root induction was observed for shoot explants obtained on MS supplemented with BAP 1 mg/l and NAA 0.5 mg/l at TRT3 (50 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD). Chlorophyll and net photosynthesis were optimal in plants grown under TRT4 (75 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD). Stomatal resistance and Fv/Fm values were highest at low light irradiance (TRT2). The highest efficiency and high frequency of shoot formation occurred after 30 days. Elongation of shoot buds was obtained at TRT4 (75 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD) and TRT5 (100 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD) on the same MS medium. Regenerated shoots rooted best on the same medium of elongation. Irradiance at 75 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD was suitable for the acclimatization of strawberry plants. We concluded that the present protocol can be efficiently used for mass propagation of the strawberry.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anonymous (2012) FAO, Food and Agricultural organization. http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor. Accessed 3 Apr 2014
Asada K (1999) The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygen and dissipation of excess photons. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 50:601–639
Barber J, Andersson B (1992) Too much good thing: light can be bad for photosynthesis. Trends Biochem Sci 17:61–66
Baroja ME, Aguirreolea J, Sánchez-Díaz M (1995) CO2 exchange of in vitro and acclimatizated potato plantlets. In: Carre F, Chagvardieff P (eds) Ecophysiology and Photosynthetic In Vitro Cultures. CEA, Centre d’Études de Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, pp 187–188
Barta DJ, Tibbitts TW, Bula RJ, Morrow TW (1992) Evaluation of light-emitting diodes characteristics for a space-based plant irradiation source. Adv Space Res 12:141–149
Boxus Ph (1974) The production of strawberry plants by in vitro propagation. Hortic Sci 49:209–210
Brown CS, Schuerger AC, Sager JC (1995) Growth and photomorphogenesis of pepper plants under red light-emitting diodes with supplemental blue or far-red lighting. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 120:808–813
Budiarto K (2010) Spectral quality affects morphogenesis on Anthurium plantlet during in vitro culture. Agrivita 32:234–240
Bula RJ, Morrow RC, Tibbitts TW, Barta DJ, Ignatius RW, Martin TS (1991) Light-emitting diodes as a radiation source for plants. Hortic Sci 26:203–205
Cameron JS, Hancock JF (1986) Enhanced vigor in vegetative progeny of micropropagated strawberry plants. Hortic Sci 21:1225–1226
Desjardins Y (1995) Photosynthesis in vitro – on the factors regulating CO2 assimilation in micropropagation systems. Acta Hortic 393:45–61
Eva D, Heydarizadeh P, Schoefs B, Sabzalian MR (2015) Photosynthesis under artificial light: the shift in primary and secondary metabolism. Philos Trans R Soc Lond, B, Biol Sci 369:20130243
Hahn EJ, Kozai T, Paek KY (2000) Blue and red light-emitting diodes with or without sucrose and ventilation affects in vitro growth of Rehmannia glutinose plantlets. J Plant Biol 43:247–250
Heo JW, Shin KS, Kim SK, Paek KY (2006) Light quality affects in vitro growth of grape ‘Teleki 5BB7. J Plant Biol 49:276–280
Hoenecke ME, Bula RJ, Tibbitts TW (1992) Importance of ‘blue’ photon levels for lettuce seedlings grown under red-light-emitting diodes. Hortic Sci 27:427–430
Jao RC, Fang W (2004) Effects of frequency and duty ratio on the growth of potato plantlets in vitro using light-emitting diodes. HortScience 39:375–379
Kadleček P, Tichá I, Čapková V, Schäfer C (1998) Acclimatization of micropropagated tobacco plantlets. In: Garab G (ed) Photosynthesis: mechanisms and effects, vol V. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, pp 3853–3856
Kaur RP (2015) Photoautotrophic micropropagation an emerging new vista in micropropagation—a review. Agric Rev 36(3):198–207. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-0741.2015.00023.9
Kim HH, Wheeler RM, Sager JC, Goins GD, Norikane JH (2006) Evaluation of lettuce growth using supplemental green light with red and blue lightemitting diodes in a controlled environment: a review of research at Kennedy Space Center. Acta Hortic 711:111–119
Kim SJ, Hahn EJ, Heo JW, Paek KY (2004) Effects of LEDs on net photosynthetic rate, growth and leaf stomata of chrysanthemum plantlets in vitro. Sci Hortic 101:143–151
Kurilcik A, Miklusyte-Canova R, Dapkuniene S, Zilinskaite S, Kurilcik G, Tamulaitis G, Duchovskis P, Zukauskas A (2008) In vitro culture of Chrysanthemum plantlets using lightemitting diodes. Cent Eur J Biol 3:161–167
Lee CG, Palsson BO (1994) High-density algal photobioreactors using light-emitting diodes. Biotechnol Bioeng 44:1161–1167
Lee N, Wetzstein HY, Sommer HE (1985) Effects of quantum flux density on photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure in tissue-cultured plantlets and seedlings of Liquidambar styraciflua L. towards improved acclimatization and field survival. Plant Physiol 78:637–664
Li H, Tang C, Xu Z, Liu X, Han X (2012) Effects of different light sources on the growth of non-heading Chinese cabbage (brassica campestris L.). J Agric Sci 4:262–273
Lian ML, Murthy HH, Paek KY (2002) Effects of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the in vitro induction and growth of bulblets of Lilium oriental hybrid ‘Pesaro’. Sci Hortic 94:365–370
Macedo AF, Leal-Costa MV, Tavares ES, Lage CLS, Esquibel MA (2011) The effect of light quality on leaf production and development of in vitro-cultured plants of Alternanthera brasiliana. Environ Exp Bot 70:43–50
Miyashita Y, Kitaya Y, Kozai T, Kimura T (1995) Effects of red and far-red light on the growth and morphology of potato plantlets in vitro: Using light-emitting diodes as a light source for micropropagation. Acta Hortic 393:710–715
Nhut DT, Takamura T, Watanabe H, Okamoto K, Tanaka M (2003) Responses of strawberry plantlets cultured in vitro under superbright red and blue lightemitting diodes (LEDs). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 73:43–52
Porra RJ, Thompson WJ, Kriedermann PE (1989) Determination of accurate extinction coeficients and simultaneous equation for assaying chlorophyll a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta 975:384–394
Robin C, Hay MJM, Newton PCD, Greer DH (1994) Effect of light quality (red:far-red ratio) at the apical bud of the main stolon on morphogenesis of Trifolium repens L. Ann Bot 72:119–123
Sabzalian MR, Heydarizadeh P, Zahedi M, Boroomand A, Agharokh M, Sahba MR, Schoefs B (2014) In press High performance of vegetables, flowers and medicinal plants in a red-blue LED incubator for indoor plant production. Agron Sustain Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0209-6
Schoefs B (2002) Chlorophyll and carotenoid analysis in food products. Properties of the pigments and methods of analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol 13:361–371
Serret MD, Trillas MI, Matas J, Araus JL (1996) Development of photoautotrophy and photoinhibition of Gardenia jasminoides plantlets during micropropagation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 45:1–16
Sheng CX, Singh S, Gambetta A, Drori T, Tong M, Tretiak S, Vardeny ZV (2013) Ultrafast intersystem crossing in platinum containing-conjugated polymers with tunable spin orbit coupling. Sci Rep 3:2653
Solymosi K, Schoefs B (2010) Etioplast and etiochloroplast formation under natural conditions: the dark side of chlorophyll biosynthesis in angiosperms. Photosynth Res 105:143–166
Stutte GW, Edney S, Skerritt T (2009) Photoregulation of bioprotectant content of red leaf lettuce with light-emitting diodes. HortSci 44:79–82
Taiz L, Zeiger E (1991) Plant physiology. Benjamin Cummings Publishing, New York
Tamulaitis G, Duchovskis P, Bliznikas Z, Breivė K, Ulinskaitė R, Brazaitytė A (2005) High-power lightemitting diode based facility for plant cultivation. J Phys D Appl Phys 38:3182–3187
Tanaka M, Takamura T, Watanabe H, Endo M, Panagi T, Okamoto K (1998) In vitro growth of Cymbidium plantlets cultured under superbright red and blue light-emitting diodes. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 73:39–44
Tennessen DJ, Singsaas EL, Sharkey TD (1994) Light-emitting diodes as a light source for photosynthesis research. Photosyn Res 39:85–92
Tripathy BC, Brown CS (1995) Root-shoot interaction in the greening of wheat seedlings grown under red light. Plant Physiol 107:407–411
Van Huylenbroeck JM, Debergh PC (1996) Impact of sugar concentration in vitro on photosynthesis and carbon metabolism during ex vitro acclimatization of Spathiphyllum plantlets. Physiol Plant 96:298–304
Wellburn AR (1994) The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. J Plant Physiol 144:307–313
Wu F, Zhengfei G, Whidden A (2012) Strawberry industry overview and outlook. http://www.fred.ifas.ufl.edu/pdf/webinar/Strawberry.pdf. Accessed 3 Apr 2014
Yamori W, Evans JR, Von Caemmerer S (2010) Effects of growth and measurement light intensities on temperature dependence of CO2 assimilation rate in tobacco leaves. Plant Cell Environ 33:332–343
Yeh N, Chung JP (2009) High-brightness LEDs-Energy efficient lighting sources and their potential in indoor plant cultivation. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 13:2175–2180
Zuchi S, Astolfi S (2012) Changes in growth irradiance are reflected on H+ATPase activity of plasma membrane enriched vesicles from maize (Zea mays L.) root. J Plant Physiol 169:50–54
Žukauskas A, Shur MS, Gaska R (2002) Introduction to solid state lighting. Willey, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
K. Kepenek declares that he has no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kepenek, K. Photosynthetic Effects of Light-emitting Diode (LED) on in Vitro-derived Strawberry (Fragaria x Ananassa cv. Festival) Plants Under in Vitro Conditions. Erwerbs-Obstbau 61, 179–187 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-018-00414-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-018-00414-0