Abstract
We isolated and tested six novel microsatellite loci in Sanderling (Calidris alba) from Greenland for paternity analyses. In addition, we tested 11 already published microsatellite markers which were originally developed for the congeneric species, the Pectoral Sandpiper (C. melanotos). All loci were polymorphic, but five of the cross-species loci were not scorable due to suboptimal amplification patterns. The 12 successful loci were tested on 87 individuals, yielding an average of 9.0 (range 4–19) alleles per locus and mean expected heterozygosity of 0.70. Because this dataset contained families, tests for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, linkage disequilibrium and probability of identity were done on a subset of the data containing 25 adults caught in the same year. The overall probability of identity was 1.0 × 10−13. Only one locus displayed significant homozygote excess and all loci were unlinked. On the basis of female heterozygotes, all loci are assumed to be autosomal.
Zusammenfassung
Wir isolierten und testeten sechs neue Mikrosatelliten-Loci auf Eignung für Verwandtschaftsanalysen beim grönländischen Sanderling (Calidris alba). Zusätzlich dazu testeten wir 11 bereits publizierte Mikrosatellitenmarker, die ursprünglich für den nahe verwandten Graubruststrandläufer (C. melanotos) entwickelt worden waren. Alle Genorte waren polymorph, aber fünf der artübergreifenden loci konnten wegen ungenügender Vervielfältigungsmuster nicht ausgewertet werden. Die 12 verbliebenen Genorte wurden für 87 Individuen getestet und ergaben einen Durchschnitt von 9,0 Allelen pro Genort (Bereich: 4 -19) sowie eine mittlere zu erwartende Heterozygosität von 0,70. Weil dieses Set Daten von Familien enthielt, wurden für einen Teil des Sets mit Daten von fünf adulten, im gleichen Jahr gefangenen Vögeln auch statistische Tests für das Hardy–Weinberg-Äquilibrium, das Kopplungs-Ungleichgewicht, und die Identitäts-Wahrscheinlichkeit durchgeführt. Insgesamt betrug die Identitäts-Wahrscheinlichkeit 1,0*10-13. Nur ein einziger locus zeigte einen signifikanten Homozygoten-Überschuß, und alle loci waren ungekoppelt. Aufgrund der weiblichen Heterozygoten wurde angenommen, dass alle loci autosomal waren.
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Acknowledgments
The Netherlands Arctic Programme, administered by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) supported our work financially in Greenland. We are grateful to the Danish Polar Center for providing logistics at the research station at Zackenberg and to Petra de Goeij, Joop Jukema and Welmoed Ekster for assisting in the field work in Zackenberg.
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Communicated by M. Wink.
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Luttikhuizen, P.C., Bol, A., Witte, H. et al. Novel and cross-species microsatellite markers for parentage analysis in Sanderling Calidris alba . J Ornithol 152, 807–810 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0681-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0681-6