Abstract
Adding organic amendments to paddies to improve water use efficiency (WUE) could be a potential strategy to improve soil water storage. This research looked at the effects of biochar and compost additions at 20 t ha−1 rates in a rice field for two years, using three irrigation regimes called I100, I75, and I50 which indicate irrigation rates of 100%, 75%, and 50% of evaporation from class A evaporation pan. Changes in soil matric potential curves, as well as rice yield components such as height, grain yield, panicle density, and spikelets per panicle, as well as well water consumption, were measured. Adding biochar to all irrigation regimes resulted in the greatest increase in matric potential points. Biochar enhanced water holding capacity under higher evaporation stress than compost. Biochar treatment under the I50 regime increased grain yield by 35% and 30% in two consecutive years. While in compost-treated soil and I50 regime, the amount of grain yield significantly decreased by 7% and 38% compared to control, respectively, in 2020 and 2021. Using biochar significantly increased WUE in order to decrease irrigation regimes. The two years did not significantly differ from one another. However, using compost, WUE showed a declining trend in response to lower irrigation regimes. When evaporation is excessive and irrigation is insufficient, biochar's higher porosity and surface area, as well as its greater stability to decomposition relative to compost, may improve WUE in rice.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran, for providing the site for experiment and laboratory measurements. Also, the authors would like to thank the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czechia, project GAJU 085/2022/Z, for the financial support of this study.
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Ghorbani, M., Neugschwandtner, R.W., Konvalina, P. et al. Comparative effects of biochar and compost applications on water holding capacity and crop yield of rice under evaporation stress: a two-years field study. Paddy Water Environ 21, 47–58 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-022-00912-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-022-00912-8