Abstract
Few studies are available on comprehensive impacts of straw retention and water regimes on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from rice–rice-fallow rotation systems. A field experiment with or without rice straw (5000 kg ha−1 each rice season) retention under two contrasting water regimes (1. continuous flooding; 2. rain-fed with exception flooding irrigation about 15 days after transplanting) was conducted in south China. N2O emission was monitored using the closed chamber method over the entire rice–rice-fallow rotation. The results demonstrate that there were significant differences in the responses of N2O emission to water regime, straw retention, and their interaction. N2O emission was negligible in the continuously flooded treatments, with annual N2O emission of 0.052 kg ha−1 with straw and − 0.008 kg ha−1 without straw, respectively. In contrast, substantial N2O fluxes were observed under rain-fed condition when water layer disappeared, with annual N2O emission of 0.969 kg ha−1 with straw and of 0.618 kg ha−1 without straw, respectively. About 50–60% of annual N2O emission occurred in fallow season under rain-fed treatments. The results indicate that rice straw retention has a potential to accelerate N2O emission depending on paddy water conditions.
References
Bateman EJ, Baggs EM (2005) Contributions of nitrification and denitrification to N2O emissions from soils at different water-filled pore space. Biol Fertil Soils 41:379–388
Cai Z, Xing G, Yan X, Xu H, Tsuruta H, Yagi K, Minami K (1997) Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddy fields as affected by nitrogen fertilisers and water management. Plant Soil 196:7–14
Cai Z, Laughlin RJ, Stevens RJ (2001) Nitrous oxide and dinitrogen emissions from soil under different water regimes and straw amendment. Chemosphere 42:113–121
Charles A, Rochette P, Whalen JK, Angers DA, Chantigny MH, Bertrand N (2017) Global nitrous oxide emission factors from agricultural soils after addition of organic amendments: a meta-analysis. Agr Ecosyst Environ 236:88–98
Chen H, Li X, Hu F, Shi W (2013) Soil nitrous oxide emissions following crop residue addition: a meta-analysis. Global Change Biol 19:2956–2964
Chen C, Chen D, Pan J, Shu KL (2014) Analysis of factors controlling soil N2O emission by principal component and path analysis method. Environ Earth Sci 72:1511–1517
Das S, Adhya TK (2014) Effect of combine application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a tropical flooded soil planted to rice. Geoderma 213:185–192
Dobbie KE, Smith KA (2003) Nitrous oxide emission factors for agricultural soils in Great Britain: the impact of soil water-filled pore space and other controlling variables. Global Change Biol 9:204–218
Huang Y, Zou J, Zheng X, Wang Y, Xu X (2004) Nitrous oxide emissions as influenced by amendment of plant residues with different C:N ratios. Soil Biol Biochem 36:973–981
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007a) Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007b) Agriculture. In: Metz B, Davidson OR, Bosch PR (eds), Climate Change 2007: Mitigation, Contribution of Working Group III to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom/New York, NY, USA
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007c) 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan
Kim GY, Gutierrez J, Jeong HC, Lee JS, Haque MDM, Kim PJ (2014) Effect of intermittent drainage on methane and nitrous oxide emissions under different fertilization in a temperate paddy soil during rice cultivation. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 57:229–236
Lagomarsino A, Agnelli AE, Pastorelli R, Pallara G, Rasse DP, Silvennoinen H (2016) Past water management affected GHG production and microbial community pattern in Italian rice paddy soils. Soil Biol Biochem 93:17–27
Li X, Ma J, Yao Y, Liang S, Zhang G, Xu H, Yagi K (2014) Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from irrigated lowland rice paddies after wheat straw application and midseason aeration. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 100:65–76
Liang W, Shi Y, Zhang H, Yue J, Huang GH (2007) Greenhouse gas emissions from Northeast China rice fields in fallow season. Pedosphere 1:630–638
Liu J, Hou H, Sheng R, Chen Z, Zhu Y, Qin H, Wei W (2012) Denitrifying communities differentially respond to flooding drying cycles in paddy soils. Appl Soil Ecol 62:155–162
Lou Y, Ren L, Li Z, Zhang T, Inubushi K (2007) Effect of rice residues on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from a paddy soil of subtropical China. Water Air Soil Pollut 178:157–168
Ma J, Li XL, Xu H, Han Y, Cai ZC, Yagi K (2007) Effects of nitrogen fertiliser and wheat straw application on CH4 and N2O emissions from a paddy rice field. Aust J Soil Res 45:359–367
Ma E, Zhang G, Ma J, Xu H, Cai Z, Yagi K (2010) Effects of rice straw returning methods on N2O emission during wheat-growing season. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 88:463–469
Miller MN, Zebarth BJ, Dandie CE, Burton DL, Goyer C, Trevors JT (2008) Crop residue influence on denitrification, N2O emissions and denitrifier community abundance in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 40:2553–2562
Minamikawa K, Fumoto T, Itoh M, Hayano M, Sudo S, Yagi K (2014) Potential of prolonged midseason drainage for reducing methane emission from rice paddies in Japan: a long-term simulation using the DNDC-Rice model. Biol Fertil Soils 50:879–889
Nan W, Yue S, Li S, Huang H, Shen Y (2016) Characteristics of N2O production and transport within soil profiles subjected to different nitrogen application rates in china. Sci Total Environ 542:864–875
Oertel C, Matschullat J, Zurba K, Zimmermann F, Erasmi S (2016) Greenhouse gas emissions from soils—a review. Chem Erde Geochem 76:327–352
Pathak H, Singh R, Bhatia A, Jain N (2006) Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution. Paddy Water Environ 4:111–117
Pittelkow CM, Adviento-Borbe MA, Hill JE, Six J, van Kessel C, Linquist BA (2013) Yield-scaled global warming potential of annual nitrous oxide and methane emissions from continuously flooded rice in response to nitrogen input. Agr Ecosyst Environ 177:10–20
Pörtl K, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Wanek W, Ambus P, Berger TW (2007) Natural 15N abundance of soil N pools and N2O reflect the nitrogen dynamics of forest soils. Plant Soil 295:79–94
Ravishankara AR, Daniel JS, Portmann RW (2009) Nitrous Oxide (N2O): the dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century. Science 326:123–125
Sander BO, Samson M, Buresh RJ (2014) Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from flooded rice fields as affected by water and straw management between rice crops. Geoderma 235:355–362
Shen JL, Tang H, Liu JY, Wang C, Li Y, Ge TD, Jones DL, Wu JS (2014) Contrasting effects of straw and straw-derived biochar amendments on greenhouse gas emissions within double rice cropping systems. Agr Ecosyst Environ 188:264–274
Swerts M, Merckx R, Vlassak K (1996) Influence of carbon availability on the production of NO, N2O, N2 and CO2 by soil cores during anaerobic incubation. Plant Soil 181:145–151
Toma Y, Hatano R (2007) Effect of crop residue C: N ratio on N2O emissions from Gray Lowland soil in Mikasa, Hokkaido, Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53:198–205
Ussiri D, Lal R (2013) Soil emission of nitrous oxide and its mitigation. Springer, Dordrecht, p 378
Wang Y, Hu C, Zhu B, Xiang H, He X (2010) Effects of wheat straw application on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from purplish paddy fields. Plant Soil Environ 56:16–22
Wang JY, Jia JX, Xiong ZQ, Mak K, Xing GX (2011) Water regime-nitrogen fertilizer-straw incorporation interaction: field study on nitrous oxide emissions from a rice agroecosystem in Nanjing, China. Agr Ecosyst Environ 141:437–446
Wang W, Wu X, Chen A, Xie X, Wang Y, Yin C (2016) Mitigating effects of exsitu application of rice straw on CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy-upland coexisting system. Sci Rep 6:37402. doi:10.1038/srep37402
WMO (World Meteorological Organization) (2016) WMO Greenhouse gas bulletin: the state of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere based on observations through 2015. http://library.wmo.int/opac/doc_num.php?explnum_id=3084. Accessed 12 Apr 2017
Yan GX, Zheng XH, Cui F, Yao ZS, Zhou ZX, Deng J, Xu Y (2013) Two-year simultaneous records of N2O and no fluxes from a farmed cropland in the northern china plain with a reduced nitrogen addition rate by one-third. Agr Ecosyst Environ 178:39–50
Yang S, Peng S, Xu J, Luo Y, Li D (2012) Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from paddy field as affected by water-saving irrigation. Phys Chem Earth 53–54:30–37
Yao Z, Zhou Z, Zheng X, Xie B, Mei B, Wang R, Zhu J (2010) Effects of organic matter incorporation on nitrous oxide emissions from rice–wheat rotation ecosystems in China. Plant Soil 327:315–330
Zheng X, Mei B, Wang Y, Xie B, Wang Y, Dong H, Xu H, Chen G, Cai Z, Yue J, Gu J, Su F, Zou J, Zhu J (2008) Quantification of N2O fluxes from soil–plant systems may be biased by the applied gas chromatograph methodology. Plant Soil 311:211–234
Zou J, Huang Y, Jiang J, Zheng X, Sass RL (2005) A 3-year field measurement of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddies in China: effects of water regime, crop residue, and fertilizer application. Global Biogeochem Cy. doi:10.1029/2004GB002401GB2021
Zou J, Huang Y, Qin Y, Liu S, Shen Q, Pan G, Liu Q (2009) Changes in fertilizer-induced direct N2O emissions from paddy fields during rice-growing season in China between 1950 s and 1990s. Global Change Biol 15:229–242
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers 41401292 and 41503081) and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (Grant Number 2015DFA90450).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, X., Wang, W., Xie, X. et al. Response of N2O emission to straw retention under two contrasting paddy water conditions: a field experiment over rice–rice-fallow rotation. Paddy Water Environ 16, 199–205 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-017-0621-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-017-0621-z