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Emissions of CH4 and CO2 from paddy fields as affected by tillage practices and crop residues in central China

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Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of tillage practices [no-tillage (NT) and conventional intensive tillage (CT)] and oilseed rape residue returning levels (0, 3000, 6000, 9000 kg dry matter ha−1) on methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and grain yield from paddy fields during the 2011 rice growing season after 2 years oilseed rape-rice rotation in central China. The experiment was established following a split-plot design of a randomized complete block with tillage practices as the main plots and residue returning levels as the sub-plots. NT significantly decreased CO2 and CH4 emissions by 38.8 and 27.3 % compared with CT, respectively. Residue returning treatments released significantly more CO2 and CH4 by 855.5–10410 and 51.5–210.5 kg ha−1 than no residue treatments, respectively. The treatments of 3,000 and 6,000 kg ha−1 residue returning significantly increased rice grain yield by 37.9 and 32.0 % compared with the treatment of no residue returning, respectively. Compared with NT, CT increased yield-scaled emissions of CH4 and CO2 by 16.0 %. The treatments of 6,000 and 9,000 kg ha−1 residue returning significantly increased yield-scaled emissions of CH4 and CO2 by 18.1 and 61.5 %, respectively, compared with the treatment of no residue returning. Moreover, the treatment of NT in combination with 3,000 kg ha−1 residues had the lowest yield-scaled emissions of CH4 and CO2 across tillage and residue treatments. In this way, this study revealed that the combination of NT with 3,000 kg ha−1 residues was a suitable strategy for optimizing carbon emissions and rice grain yield.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471454), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2013PY106), National Technology Project for High Food Yield of China (2011BAD16B02) and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China (IRT1247). We sincerely thank two anonymous referees for their critical comments on the original manuscript.

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  1. MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Zhi-Sheng Zhang, Cou-Gui Cao, Li-Jin Guo & Cheng-Fang Li

  2. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Cheng-Fang Li

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  1. Zhi-Sheng Zhang
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  2. Cou-Gui Cao
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Correspondence to Zhi-Sheng Zhang or Cheng-Fang Li.

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Zhang, ZS., Cao, CG., Guo, LJ. et al. Emissions of CH4 and CO2 from paddy fields as affected by tillage practices and crop residues in central China. Paddy Water Environ 14, 85–92 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-015-0480-4

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