Abstract
The distribution of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) variants related to cachexia disease in Japan was investigated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to specifically detect the five nucleotide differences in the “cachexia motif.” With RT-PCR, HSVd variants having the cachexia motif were detected in samples from 10 of 43 citrus trees in experimental orchards and from only 3 of 530 in commercial orchards. Although the trees were symptomless cachexia carriers, biological indexing using “Parson's Special” mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) verified the presence of the cachexia agent. RT-PCR with the primer pair CCV-M1 and CCV-P1 will be useful in preventing the spread of cachexia HSVd variants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Calavan EC, Christiansen DW (1965) Variability of cachexia reactions among varieties of rootstocks and within clonal propagations of citrus. In: Price WC (ed) Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, pp 76–85
JFL Childs (1950) ArticleTitleThe cachexia disease of Orlando tangelo Plant Dis Rep 34 295–298
JFL Childs (1952) ArticleTitleCachexia disease, its bud transmission and relation to xyloporosis and to tristeza Phytopathology 42 265–268
N Duran-Vila JS Semancik P Broadbent (2000) Viroid diseases, cachexia and exocortis LW Timmer SM Garnsey JH Graham (Eds) Compendium of citrus diseases EditionNumber2nd edn. APS St. Paul 51–54
T Ito H Ieki K Ozaki (2000) ArticleTitleA population of variants of a viroid closely related to citrus viroid-I in citrus plants Arch Virol 145 2105–2114 Occurrence Handle11087094 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s007050070042 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXosFOjtL8%3D
T Ito H Ieki K Ozaki (2002a) ArticleTitleSimultaneous detection of six citrus viroids and Apple stem grooving virus from citrus plants by multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction J Virol Methods 106 235–239 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0166-0934(02)00147-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XotVOjs7w%3D
T Ito H Ieki K Ozaki T Iwanami K Nakahara T Hataya T Ito M Isaka T Kano (2002b) ArticleTitleMultiple citrus viroids in citrus from Japan and their ability to produce exocortis-like symptoms in citron Phytopathology 92 542–547 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjslKit7k%3D
T Ito N Namba T Ito (2003) ArticleTitleDistribution of citrus viroids and Apple stem grooving virus on citrus trees in Japan using multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction J Gen Plant Pathol 69 205–207 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s10327-003-0062-y Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXms1yhtbY%3D
Palacio A, Duran-Vila N (2000) Citrus cachexia disease: molecular characterization of its viroid agent. In: da Graça JV, Lee RF, Yokomi RK (eds) Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists. IOCV, Riverside, CA, pp 273–281
A Palacio-Bielsa J Romero-Durbán N Duran-Vila (2004) ArticleTitleCharacterization of citrus HSVd isolates Arch Virol 149 537–552 Occurrence Handle14991442 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00705-003-0223-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhsFyku78%3D
Pina JA, Duran-Vila N, Navarro L (1991) Interference of citrus viroids with cachexia symptoms on Parson's special mandarin. In: Brlansky RH, Lee RF, Timmer LW (eds) Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists. IOCV, Riverside, CA, pp 206–208
K Reanwarakorn JS Semancik (1998) ArticleTitleRegulation of pathogenicity in hop stunt viroid-related group II citrus viroids J Gen Virol 79 3163–3171 Occurrence Handle9880036 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXotVaqu7s%3D
K Reanwarakorn JS Semancik (1999a) ArticleTitleCorrelation of hop stunt viroid variants to cachexia and xyloporosis diseases of citrus Phytopathology 89 568–574 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktlensLY%3D
K Reanwarakorn JS Semancik (1999b) ArticleTitleDiscrimination of cachexia disease agents among citrus variants of hop stunt viroid Ann Appl Biol 135 481–487 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXivVOruw%3D%3D
I Reichert A Bental (1957) ArticleTitleDecline of Satsuma mandarin oranges in Israel FAO Plant Prot Bull 5 156–158
I Reichert A Bental (1961) ArticleTitleOn the problem of xyloporosis and cachexia diseases of mandarins Plant Dis Rep 45 356–361
Roistacher CN (ed) (1991) Cachexia. In: Graft-transmissible diseases of citrus: handbook for detection and diagnosis. FAO, Rome, pp 81–89
Salibe AA, Moreira S (1965) Reaction of types of citrus as scion and as rootstock to xyloporosis virus. In: Price WC (ed) Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, pp 70–75
Semancik JS, Roistacher CN, Duran-Vila N (1988) A new viroid is the causal agent of the citrus cachexia disease. In: Timmer LW, Garnsey SM, Navarro L (eds) Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists. IOCV, Riverside, CA, pp 125–135
Semancik JS, Gumpf DJ, Bash JA (1991) Interactions among the group II citrus viroids: a potential for protection from the cachexia disease? In: Brlansky RH, Lee RF, Timmer LW (eds) Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists. IOCV, Riverside, CA, pp 189–195
JS Semancik DJ Gumpf JA Bash (1992) ArticleTitleInterference between viroids inducing exocortis and cachexia diseases of citrus Ann Appl Biol 121 577–583 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1744-7348.1992.tb03467.x
X Yang A Hadidi SM Garnsey (1992) ArticleTitleEnzymatic cDNA amplification of citrus exocortis and cachexia viroids from infected citrus hosts Phytopathology 82 279–285 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xit12it7k%3D
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Contribution no. 1408, of the National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, NARO. The nucleotide sequences for the Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) variants from sample EX with four nucleotide differences and KS14 with five nucleotide differences discriminating cachexia from noncachexia sequences have been deposited in GenBank under accession nos. AB211242 and AB211243.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ito, T., Furuta, T., Ito, T. et al. Identification of cachexia-inducible Hop stunt viroid variants in citrus orchards in Japan using biological indexing and improved reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. J Gen Plant Pathol 72, 378–382 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-006-0303-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-006-0303-y