Abstract
A simple, sensitive, accurate, and selective method for determination of ultratrace levels of Co is modified. The method is based on preconcentration of Co on the PAR-loaded Amberlite XAD-7 at pH 2.0 ± 0.2 for contact time as low as 45 min. The adsorbed cobalt was eluted with concentrated nitric acid and measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Recoveries up to 90% were achieved. The optimized preconcentration method was applied to cobalt determination in natural mineral waters. The detection limit was found to be 0.1 ng mL−1. The relative standard deviation was found to be 13% for 600 mL of 2.0 ng mL−1, for 10 replicate preconcentration procedures. Cobalt concentrations in the studied water samples were found to be in the ranges of 0.5–3.5 ng mL−1.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cadore S, Goi RD, Baccan N (2005) Flame atomic absorption determination of cobalt in water after extraction of its morpholinedithiocarbamate complex. J Brazil Chem Soc 16(5):957–962
Camel V (2003) Solid phase extraction of trace elements. Spectrochim Acta A 58:1177–1233
Chakrapani G, Murty DSR, Mohanta PL, Rangaswamy R (1998) Sorption of PAR-metal complexes on activated carbon as a rapid preconcentration method for the determination of Cu, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and V in ground water. J Geochem Explor 63:145–152. doi:10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00050-8
Chen J, Teo KC (2001) Determination of cobalt and nickel in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction. Anal Chim Acta 434:325–330. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(01)00849-2
Guo Y, Din B, Liu Y et al (2004a) Preconcentration and determination of trace elements with 2-aminoacetylthiophenol functionalized amberlite XAD-2 by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Talanta 62:209–215. doi:10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00423-5
Guo Y et al (2004b) Preconcentration of trace metals with 2-(methylthio)aniline-functionalized XAD-2 and their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 504:319–324. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2003.10.059
International Agency for Research on Cancer (1991) IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol 52. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, p 363
Jiang Z, Yu JC, Liu H (2005) Simultaneous determination of cobalt, copper and zinc by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry after preconcentration on PAR-loaded ion-exchange resin. Anal Sci 21:851–854. doi:10.2116/analsci.21.851
Lison D, De Boeck M, Verougstraete V et al (2001) Update on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of cobalt compounds. Occup Environ Med 58(10):619–625. doi:10.1136/oem.58.10.619
Narin İ, Soylak M, Elci L, Dogan M (2000) Determination of trace metal ions by AAS in natural water samples after preconcentration of pyrocatechol violet complexes on an activated carbon column. Talanta 52:1041–1046. doi:10.1016/S0039-9140(00)00468-9
Sawula GM (2004) On-site preconcentration and trace metal ions determination in the Okavango Delta water system, Botswana. Talanta 64:80–86. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2003.11.048
Soylak M, Narin I, Divrikli U et al (2004) Preconcentration-separation of heavy metal ions in environmental samples by membrane filtration-atomic absorption spectrometry combination. Anal Lett 37(4):767–780. doi:10.1081/AL-120029751
Tanaka T, Ando Y, Saitoh T, Hiraide M (2002) Preconcentration of traces of cobalt, nickel, copper and lead in water by thermoresponsive polymer-mediated extraction for tungten filament electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Anal At Spectrom 17:1556–1559. doi:10.1039/b206337a
Tewari PK, Singh AK (2000) Amberlite XAD-7 impregented with Xylenol Orange: a chelating collector for preconcentration of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Fe(III) ions prior to their determination by flame AAS. Fresenius J Anal Chem 367:562–567. doi:10.1007/s002160000395
Tuzen M, Soylak M, Elci L (2005) Multi-element pre-concentration of heavy metal ions by solid phase extraction on Chromosorb 108. Anal Chim Acta 548(1–2):101–108. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2005.06.005
Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J et al (2006) Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact 160(1):1–40. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.009
Venkatesh G et al (2005) 2, 3-Dihydroxypyridine loaded amberlite XAD-2 (AXAD-2-DHP): preparation, sorption-desorption equilibria with metal ions, and applications in quantitative metal ion enrichment from water, milk and vitamin samples. Mikrochim Acta 149:213–221. doi:10.1007/s00604-005-0320-0
Yaman M (2003a) Determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in water by using activated carbon-atomic absorption spectrometry. Rev Roum De Chimie 48(8):597–600
Yaman M (2003b) Determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) by using activated carbon-atomic absorption spectrometry. J Anal Chem 58(5):456–460. doi:10.1023/A:1024078114423
Yaman M (2006) Comprehensive comparison of trace metal concentrations in cancerous and non-cancerous human tissues. Curr Med Chem 13(21):2513–2525. doi:10.2174/092986706778201620
Yaman M, Gucer S (1995) Determination of cobalt in vegetables by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with activated carbon. Analusis 23:168–171
Yaman M, Kaya G (2005) Speciation of iron (II) and (III) by using solvent extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 540:77–81. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.08.018
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ince, M., Kaya, G. & Yaman, M. Solid phase extraction and preconcentration of cobalt in mineral waters with PAR-loaded Amberlite XAD-7 and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Environ Chem Lett 8, 283–288 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-009-0218-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-009-0218-x