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Frau und Sport

Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede

Women and sport

Gender-specific differences

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Gynäkologische Endokrinologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Bedingt durch besondere konstitutionelle antropomorphe Besonderheiten mit geringerer muskulärer Ausstattung und höherem Körperfettgehalt ist die gesamte Leistungsfähigkeit von Frauen gegenüber Männern in den athletischen Sportdisziplinen niedriger. Zusätzlich zeigen Frauen eine generelle Vorliebe für die ästhetischen Disziplinen. Im Frauenleistungssport können durch den hohen Energieverbrauch bei gleichzeitiger Minderung der Energiezufuhr erhebliche Störungen von Reifung (verspätete Pubertät und Spätmenarche) sowie Zyklusfunktion (Oligo-/Amenorrhö) auftreten. Die wesentlichen Ursachen für diese gravierenden Störungen sind die Minderung der verfügbaren Energie von <30 kcal/kg Magermasse sowie der chronische, psychische und physische Stress. Die langfristigen Auswirkungen derartiger Störungen sind neben der Sterilität Osteopenie, Osteoporose mit Stressfrakturen und Skoliose sowie Depressivität. Der allgemeine regenerationsfördernde Frauensport von 3,5–4 h pro Woche reduziert nicht nur koronare Herzerkrankungen und Schlaganfallinzidenz, sondern bietet einen biologischen Malignomschutz mit Reduzierung des Mammakarzinomrisikos um mehr als 15%.

Abstract

Due to special constitutional anthropomorphic features with less muscular development and higher body fat content, the capability of women in athletic sport disciplines is lower compared to men. In addition, women show a general preference for the aesthetic disciplines. In competitive sports women may develop significant disturbances of maturation (delayed puberty and late menarche) and dysfunction of the menstrual cycle (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) by high energy consumption while reducing energy intake. The main causes for these serious disorders are reduction of the available energy of <30 kcal/kg lean body mass and chronic mental and physical stress. The long-term effects of such disorders are infertility, osteopenia, osteoporosis, stress fractures and scoliosis, as well as depression. The general recreational regeneration promoting women’s sport of 3.5–4 h per week not only reduces coronary heart disease and stroke incidence but also provides a biological malignancy protection with reduction of breast cancer by more than 15%.

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  1. Medizinisches Zentrum Ulm, Frauenstr.65, 89073, Ulm, Deutschland

    A. Wolf

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Wolf, A. Frau und Sport. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 8, 240–247 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-010-0370-1

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