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Fractionnement et valorisation de l’huile essentielle de la sciure de bois de Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters du Maroc

The fractionation and evaluation of essential oils from the sawdust of Moroccan Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters

  • Article Original
  • Pharmacognosie
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

Dans le but de contribuer à la valorisation de la flore marocaine en vue d’identifier de nouvelles substances potentiellement intéressantes sur les plans biologique et thérapeutique, nous avons procédé à l’étude des huiles essentielles de la sciure de bois de Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters originaire de la région de Khemisset (Maroc). L’étude par CPG et CPG/SM de l’huile essentielle de sciure a permis d’identifier 22 constituants dont les cinq majoritaires sont: l’α-acorénol (20,9 %), le cédrol (17,9 %), le totarol (8,8 %), l’α-cédrène (8,7 %) et le β-acorénol (7,4 %). Par la suite, cette essence a été fractionnée sur colonne ouverte de silice en utilisant un éluant de polarité croissante. Ainsi, cinq fractions ont été recueillies. La fraction (FH) éluée avec le pentane est constituée d’hydrocarbures sesquiterpéniques, alors que les quatre fractions oxygénées (FO1 à FO4) éluées avec un mélange diéthyloxyde/pentane de polarité croissante sont dominées par un phénol diterpénique et deux alcools sesquiterpéniques respectivement: le totarol dans la fraction FO1 (42,4 %), l’α-acorénol dans les fractions FO2 (34,9 %) et FO3 (54,0 %), et le cédrol dans la fraction FO4 (58,2 %). L’huile de la sciure et ses fractions chromatographiques ont été testées in vitro contre quatre bactéries: Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus et Micrococcus luteus et trois champignons: Penicillium parasiticus, Aspergillus niger et Trametes pini. L’huile essentielle brute et les fractions oxygénées, notamment la FO1, constituée essentiellement du totarol, sont les plus actives. La fraction FO1 serait donc recommandée pour optimiser l’activité antimicrobienne de l’huile essentielle de Tetraclinis articulata.

Abstract

With a view to contributing to the evaluation of Moroccan flora through the identification of new potentially interesting substances at a biological and therapeutic level, we have undertaken a study of the essential oils in the sawdust of the Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters originating from the Khemisset region (Morocco). The study of the sawdust’s essential oil, completed by CPG and CPG/SM, identified 22 components, the main five being: α-acorenol (20.9%), cedrol (17.9%), totarol (8.8%), α-cedrene (8.7%) and β-acorenol (7.4%). This essential oil was fractionated on an open silica column using an eluent of increasing polarity. Five fractions were collected in this way. The fraction (FH) eluted with the pentane comprised sesquiterpene hydrocarbons whereas the four oxygenated fractions (FO1 to FO4) eluted with a diethyl oxide/pentane mix of increasing polarity were dominated by a diterpenoid phenol and two sesquiterpene alcohols respectively: totarol in the FO1 fraction (42.4%), α-acorenol in the FO2 (34.9%) and FO3 (54.0%) fractions, and cedrol in the FO4 fraction (58.2%). The sawdust’s oil and its chromatographic fractions were tested in vitro against four bacterium: Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus, and three funghi: Penicillium parasiticus, Aspergillus niger and Trametes pini. The unfractionated essential oil and oxygenated fractions, particularly FO1, comprising mainly of totarol, were the most active. Therefore, the FO1 fraction would be recommended for optimising the antimicrobial activity of the Tetraclinis articulata’s essential oils.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département de chimie, faculté des sciences, université Moulay-Ismail, BP 4010, Béni-M’hamed, 50000, Meknès, Maroc

    M. Bourkhiss, M. Hnach & T. Lakhlifi

  2. Faculté polydisciplinaire, université Sidi-Mohamed-Ben-Abdellah (UMIM), BP 1223, Taza Gare, Maroc

    M. Bouachrine

  3. Institut national des plantes médicinales et aromatiques (INPMA), Taounate, Maroc

    A. Farah

  4. Centre national de la recherche forestière, BP 763, Agdal, Rabat, 10050, Maroc

    B. Satrani

  5. Laboratoire de biotechnologie microbienne, département de biologie, UFR amélioration et transformation microbienne et végétale, faculté des sciences, université Ibn-Tofaïl, 14000, Kénitra, BP 133, Maroc

    M. Ouhssine & A. Chaouch

  6. CNRS UMR 6134, laboratoire de chimie des produits naturels, université de Corse, BP 52, F-20250, Corte, France

    J. Costa

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  1. M. Bourkhiss
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  2. M. Hnach
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  3. T. Lakhlifi
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  4. M. Bouachrine
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  5. A. Farah
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  6. B. Satrani
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  7. M. Ouhssine
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  8. A. Chaouch
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  9. J. Costa
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Correspondence to M. Bourkhiss.

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Bourkhiss, M., Hnach, M., Lakhlifi, T. et al. Fractionnement et valorisation de l’huile essentielle de la sciure de bois de Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters du Maroc. Phytothérapie 10, 222–228 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-012-0713-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-012-0713-2

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