Abstract
The signal-in-space ranging errors (SISREs), which are mainly dominated by clock errors, are computed for 18 BeiDou-3 (BDS-3) medium earth orbit satellites by comparing broadcast ephemeris values against precise values provided by Wuhan University from January 1 to December 31, 2019. For clock errors, a weighted least-square estimation method is carried out to eliminate the common clock error datum among all satellites. A standard deviation of 0.30 m indicates that the BDS-3 satellite clocks have good stability. However, as opposed to the near-zero means shown in the radial, along-track and cross-track directions of the orbit errors, satellite-specific nonzero means appear in the clock errors for most satellites and result in an RMS of 0.53 m for the whole satellite constellation. Dominated by the clock errors, the global average SISREs have an RMS of approximately 0.54 m, which demonstrates that the BDS-3 signal-in-space accuracy is at the same level as that of GPS. Super-Gaussian probability distributions fit the orbit and clock errors; however, the tails are not obviously heavier than that of a Gaussian distribution. Although the distribution of worst-case SISREs is bimodal, it could be overbounded by a Gaussian distribution with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of the user ranging accuracy (URA) with a certain confidence. To display Gaussian distribution models with different overbounding abilities, different URAs are estimated under various confidence levels based on actual SISRE samples. If the integrity risk is set to 10−5, the range of estimated URA values is 0.29–0.67 m for all satellites.
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Data availability
The newly merged BeiDou ephemeris data are made openly available by an anonymous user via ftp://159.226.162.31 or ftp://igmas.ntsc.ac.cn/BRDC in active mode. The files are named iggmddd0.yyf. The precise products from Wuhan University can be downloaded via ftp://igs.gnsswhu.cn/pub/gnss/products/mgex. The precise products from GFZ can be downloaded via ftp://ftp.gfz-potsdam.de/pub/GNSS/products/mgnss. The APC correction file provided by the CSNO can be found via http://www.beidou.gov.cn/yw/gfgg/201912/t20191209_19613.html.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41474029) and the Collaborative Precision Positioning Project funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2016YFB0501900). In response to the reviewers’ comments, the work was improved by the discussion with Professor Baoqi Sun at National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, on BDS-3 orbit dynamics and SISE correlation analysis.
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Xue, B., Wang, H. & Yuan, Y. Performance of BeiDou-3 signal-in-space ranging errors: accuracy and distribution. GPS Solut 25, 23 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01057-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01057-z