Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Analysis of the relationship between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis within a local clinical system: a cross-sectional observational pilot study

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Odontology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It has been revealed that atherosclerosis and periodontal disease may have a common mechanism of “chronic inflammation”. Several reports have indicated that periodontal infection is related to atherosclerosis, but none have yet reported such an investigation through the cooperation of local clinics. This study was performed in local Japanese clinics to examine the relationship between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis under collaborative medical and dental care. A pilot multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on 37 medical patients with lifestyle-related diseases under consultation in participating medical clinics, and 79 periodontal patients not undergoing medical treatment but who were seen by participating dental clinics. Systemic examination and periodontal examination were performed at baseline, and the relationships between periodontal and atherosclerosis-related clinical markers were analyzed. There was a positive correlation between LDL-C level and plasma IgG antibody titer to Porphyromonas gingivalis. According to the analysis under adjusted age, at a cut-off value of 5.04 for plasma IgG titer to Porphyromonas gingivalis, the IgG titer was significantly correlated with the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This study suggested that infection with periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis) is associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. Plasma IgG titer to Porphyromonas gingivalis may be useful as the clinical risk marker for atherosclerosis related to periodontal disease. Moreover, the application of the blood examination as a medical check may lead to the development of collaborative medical and dental care within the local medical clinical system for the purpose of preventing the lifestyle-related disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Trends in leading causes of death: Japan for Vital statistics of Japan. 2011. http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/database/db-hh/1-2.html. Accessed 23 Dec 2012.

  2. Epstein SE, Zhou YF, Zhu J. Infection and atherosclerosis: emerging mechanistic paradigms. Circulation. 1999;100:e20–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ross R. Atherosclerosis—an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:115–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Seymour GJ, Ford PJ, Cullinan MP, Leishman S, Yamazaki K. Relationship between periodontal infections and systemic disease. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007;13:3–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Dorn BR, Dunn WA Jr, Progulske-Fox A. Porphyromonas gingivalis traffics to autophagosomes in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Infect Immun. 2001;69:5698–708.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Gaetti-Jardim E Jr, Marcelino SL, Feitosa AC, Romito GA, Avila-Campos MJ. Quantitative detection of periodontopathic bacteria in atherosclerotic plaques from coronary arteries. J Med Microbiol. 2009;58:1568–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Haraszthy VI, Zambon JJ, Trevisan M, Zeid M, Genco RJ. Identification of periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques. J Periodontol. 2000;71:1554–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Arai H, Ouchi Y, Yokode M, Ito H, Uematsu H, Eto F, Oshima S, Ota K, Saito Y, Sasaki H, Tsubota K, Fukuyama H, Honda Y, Iguchi A, Toba K, Hosoi T, Kita T, Members of Subcommittee for Aging. Toward the realization of a better aged society: messages from gerontology and geriatrics. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2012;12:16–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Tanaka H. The state of the application of ICT in the Japanese medical care and Japanese edition EMR (part 2)—the state of the application of medical care in Japan and a role of ICT for medical. Mon Inst Health Econ Policy Mon IHEP. 2010;190:1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Yanase T, Nasu S, Mukuta Y, Shimizu Y, Nishihara T, Okabe T, Nomura M, Inoguchi T, Nawata H. Evaluation of a new carotid intima-media thickness measurement by B-Mode ultrasonography using an innovative measurement software, intimascope. Am J Hypertens. 2006;19:1206–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Banks J, Marmot M, Oldfield Z, Smith JP. Disease and disadvantage in the United States and England. JAMA. 2006;295:2037–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Teramoto T, Sasaki J, Ishibashi S, Birou S, Daida H, Dohi S, Egusa G, Hiro T, Hirobe K, Iida M, Kihara S, Kinoshita M, Maruyama C, Ohta T, Okamura T, Yamashita S, Yokode M, Yokote K. Diagnostic criteria for dyslipidemia. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2013;20:655–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Fujita M, Ueno K, Hata A. Effect of obesity on incidence of type 2 diabetes declines with age among Japanese women. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2009;234:750–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol. 1999;4(1):1–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kudo C, Naruishi K, Maeda H, Abiko Y, Hino T, Iwata M, Mitsuhashi C, Murakami S, Nagasawa T, Nagata T, Yoneda S, Nomura Y, Noguchi T, Numabe Y, Ogata Y, Sato T, Shimauchi H, Yamazaki K, Yoshimura A, Takashiba S. Assessment of the plasma/serum IgG test to screen for periodontitis. J Dent Res. 2012;91:1190–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Murayama Y, Nagai A, Okamura K, Kurihara H, Nomura Y, Kokeguchi S, Kato K. Serum immunoglobulin G antibody to periodontal bacteria. Adv Dent Res. 1988;2:339–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cutler CW, Kalmar JR, Genco CA. Pathogenic strategies of the oral anaerobe, Porphyromonas gingivalis. Trends Microbiol. 1995;3:45–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Qi M, Miyakawa H, Kuramitsu HK. Porphyromonas gingivalis induces murine macrophage foam cell formation. Microb Pathog. 2003;35:259–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Maekawa T, Takahashi N, Tabeta K, Aoki Y, Miyashita H, Miyauchi S, Miyazawa H, Nakajima T, Yamazaki K. Chronic oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis accelerates atheroma formation by shifting the lipid profile. PLoS One. 2011;6:e20240.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Miyazawa H, Tabeta K, Miyauchi S, Aoki-Nonaka Y, Domon H, Honda T, Nakajima T, Yamazaki K. Effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection on post-transcriptional regulation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor in mice. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;11:121.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Roth GA, Moser B, Roth-Walter F, Giacona MB, Harja E, Papapanou PN, Schmidt AM, Lalla E. Infection with a periodontal pathogen increases mononuclear cell adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis. 2007;190(2):271–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Nakamura N, Yoshida M, Umeda M, Huang Y, Kitajima S, Inoue Y, Ishikawa I, Iwai T. Extended exposure of lipopolysaccharide fraction from Porphyromonas gingivalis facilitates mononuclear cell adhesion to vascular endothelium via Toll-like receptor-2 dependent mechanism. Atheroscler. 2008;196(1):59–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yamazaki K, Honda T, Domon H, Okui T, Kajita K, Amanuma R, Kudoh C, Takashiba S, Kokeguchi S, Nishimura F, Kodama M, Aizawa Y, Oda H. Relationship of periodontal infection to serum antibody levels to periodontopathic bacteria and inflammatory markers in periodontitis patients with coronary heart disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007;149(3):445–52.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Machin D, Campbell MJ, Fayers PM, Pinol A. Sample size tables for clinical studies. In: Machin D, editor. Comparing independent groups for binary, ordered categorical and continuous data. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 1997. p. 18–78.

    Google Scholar 

  25. López-Jornet P, Berná-Mestre JD, Berná-Serna JD, Camacho-Alonso F, Fernandez-Millan S, Reus-Pintado M. Measurement of atherosclerosis markers in patients with periodontitis: a case-control study. J Periodontol. 2012;83:690–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Joseph R, Nath SG, Joseraj MG. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in chronic periodontitis: a hospital-based case-control study. J Periodontol. 2011;82:439–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Friedewald VE, Kornman KS, Beck JD, Genco R, Goldfine A, Libby P, Offenbacher S, Ridker PM, Van Dyke TE, Roberts WC, American Journal of Cardiology, Journal of Periodontology. The American journal of cardiology and journal of periodontology editors’ consensus: periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104(1):59–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Grant-in-planning for Advanced Research (H22) from Japanese Society of Periodontology.

Periodontitis and Atherosclerosis Project—Tokyo and Chiba Consortiums include: Kiyotaka Fujii (Kashiwado Memorial Foudation Port square Kashiwado Clinic, Chiba), Tooru Hanai (Kensei Clinic, Chiba), Kouya Honda (Honda Medical Clinic, Tokyo), Yoshichika Horiuchi (Horiuchi Dental Clinic, Tokyo), Hiroshi Inoue (Tsubasa Dental Clinic, Tokyo), Kiyoo Ishige (Tendai Dental Clinic, Chiba), Shinichi Itoh (Ito Clinic, Tokyo), Sachiho Iwatsuka (Hotaruno Dental Clinic, Chiba), Tomoko Kakugawa (Tomiya Central Hospital, Miyagi), Hideto Komai (Eiken Medical Dental Clinic, Tokyo), Ryoji Matsushima (Matsushima Dental Clinic, Tokyo), Chikara Morimoto (Morimoto Dental Office, Tokyo), Mitsutaka Motoyoshi (Memorial Hospital of Kazusa, Tokyo), Masato Nakamura (Nakamura Clinic, Chiba), Mikiko Niida (Naganawa Dental Clinic, Chiba), Ryuji Numaguchi (Numaguchi Dental Office, Tokyo), Kiyomi Oono (Oono Dental Clinic, Chiba), Hidetoshi Sakai (Sakai Dental Clinic, Chiba), Yasunari Sakomura (Sakomura Medical Clinic, Tokyo), Takaaki Shinohara (Shinohara Dental Clinic, Tokyo), Yuichi Takakaze (Takakaze Dental Clinic, Tokyo), Yukio Tsuruta (Tsuruta Clinic, Tokyo), Daigaku Uchida (Hotaruno Central Internal Medicine, Chiba), Norihide Ueno (Ushigomekagurazaka Dental Office, Tokyo), Osamu Yasuda (Clinic Yasuda, Tokyo).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Consortia

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shogo Takashiba.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kudo, C., Shin, W.S., Minabe, M. et al. Analysis of the relationship between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis within a local clinical system: a cross-sectional observational pilot study. Odontology 103, 314–321 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-014-0172-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-014-0172-3

Keywords

Navigation