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Regulation of antioxidant enzymes and osmo-protectant molecules by salt and drought responsive genes in Bambusa balcooa

  • Regular Paper – Physiology/Biochemistry/Molecular and Cellular Biology
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Abstract

Bio-energy crops need to be grown on marginal salt and drought lands in India as per policy. Understanding environmental stress response in bio-energy crops might help in promoting cultivation of bio-energy feedstock on marginal salty and drought land. This is one of the first report for vegetative propagation of Bamboo (Bambusa balcooa) under salt and drought stress to understand antioxidant enzymes’ gene regulations to combat stress through activation of antioxidant enzymes and osmo-protectant molecules to scavenge reactive oxygen species as measured by physiological changes. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits were noted as indicators of plant health upon different sodium chloride (NaCl) salt-stress while various drought conditions with correlation analysis. A significant up-regulation of genes related to most of the antioxidant enzymes was observed up to salinity of 14 mS cm− 1 electric conductivity (EC) at 150 mM NaCl experimental salt stress which declined with higher salt-stress. While in the case of drought-stress, all genes remained up-regulated while proline dehydrogenase (PDH) remained down-regulated up-to 100% drought-stress having 4% soil moisture. The gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes were significantly correlated with their corresponding gene-products namely super-oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. Biochemical parameters such as, soluble sugar, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total amino acids, hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage ratio also showed positive correlation (p = 0.001) with salt condition. Genetic and biochemical test parameters were significantly correlated with physiological attributes of plant health at soil EC of 14 mS cm− 1 shown as 150 mM NaCl salt stress and 60% drought-stress having 17% soil moisture content, were the optimum stress tolerance limits observed. Application of these data would be useful to cultivate 0.63 million ha of salinity affected land and 10.05 million ha of drought affected land among wastelands in India to meet biofuel need.

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Acknowledgements

All authors are thankful to Abellon CleanEnergy Ltd. and Xcelris Labs Ltd. for financial support to accomplish this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SN Gene Labs Private Limited, A-President Plaza, Nanpura, Surat, 395001, Gujarat, India

    Bakhtiyar Alam Syed

  2. Gujarat Ecological Education and Research (GEER) Foundation, Indroda Nature Park, P.O. Sector -7, Gandhinagar, 382007, Gujarat, India

    Meghana Patel

  3. Abellon Cleanenergy Limited, Sangeeta Complex, Nr. Parimal Crossing, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380006, India

    Akash Patel, Bharat Gami & Beena Patel

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  1. Bakhtiyar Alam Syed
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  2. Meghana Patel
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Contributions

BAS designed the experiments, studied gene expression, antioxidant enzyme activities, biochemical parameters and morphological parameters, performed statistical analysis and prepared the manuscript. BP conceptualized and coordinated the study and manuscript design. BG helped in biochemical studies. MP helped in statistical analysis of the data. AP helped in manuscript editing, proofreading and reference citation.

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Correspondence to Beena Patel.

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Syed, B.A., Patel, M., Patel, A. et al. Regulation of antioxidant enzymes and osmo-protectant molecules by salt and drought responsive genes in Bambusa balcooa. J Plant Res 134, 165–175 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-020-01242-8

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