Abstract
Both cultivated soybean and its wild relative Glycine soja exhibit strong photoperiodic sensitivity at different latitudes. Recent studies have demonstrated that the blue light-absorbing cryptochrome gene, CRY1a, is involved in the photoperiodic flowering of soybeans. However, no sequence variation was found in the cDNA among cultivars at different latitudinal clines. In the present study, we examined whether positive selection due to polymorphisms in the cryptochrome genes of G. soja occurs. Partial DNA sequences, mainly exons, of cryptochrome genes CRY1a-1d and CRY2a–2c were analyzed for 18 accessions in the Japanese archipelago. The neutral evolutionary pattern of the polymorphisms for all cryptochrome genes except for CRY1a was summarized using Tajima’s D test and low nucleotide diversity was shown for all genes. Although CRY1a did not show neutral evolution, balancing selection was recognized in the intron while not in the exon. No geographical pattern of polymorphisms was observed in the cryptochrome genes. These results reject the possibility of cryptochrome genes being involved in the photoperiodic flowering of wild soybeans along a latitudinal cline.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Prof. A. Nagatani (Kyoto University) for helpful comments about photoreceptors, Dr. J. Abe (Hokkaido University) for providing the date of flowering of G. soja, and Drs. H. Ikeda (National Museum of Nature and Science) and Y. Mitsui (Tokyo University of Agriculture) for advice on technical aspects. We also thank Legume Base at the National BioResource Project (NBRP) at Miyazaki University, Japan, for providing the seed collections. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (#21370036) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to H.S.
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10265_2011_470_MOESM1_ESM.eps
Fig. S1 Binding sites of PCR primers used to amplify the cryptochrome genes of Glycine soja. Closed and open triangles indicate forward and reverse primers, respectively. The type and number of primers are noted adjacent to the triangles (EPS 283 kb)
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Ishibashi, N., Setoguchi, H. Polymorphism of DNA sequences of cryptochrome genes is not associated with the photoperiodic flowering of wild soybean along a latitudinal cline. J Plant Res 125, 483–488 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-011-0470-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-011-0470-6