Abstract
The tribe Convallarieae, comprising 10 genera and 95 species, has recently been transferred from its own family to Ruscaceae sensu lato. In this study, sequence data from trnK and rbcL were analyzed for 19 species in 8 genera, and chromosome morphology was analyzed for 17 species in 7 genera. The parsimony analysis of trnK and rbcL sequences showed that Convallarieae are monophyletic. Although early branches did not receive strong bootstrap support, Convallaria diverged at the first branch, followed by Speirantha. The rest of the tribe was split into three, well-supported clades: one with Reineckea, the second with Campylandra and Rohdea, and the third with Tupistra, Tricalistra, and Aspidistra. Two monotypic genera, Rohdea and Tricalistra, were embedded in a clade of Campylandra and of Tupistra, respectively. Three karyotypes were distinguished in the tribe on the basis of the basic number and morphology of metaphase chromosomes: Convallaria type (with x=19 and unimodal chromosome length), Tupistra type (with x=19 and trimodal chromosome length), and Aspidistra-elatior type (with x=18 and trimodal chromosome length). The character-state distribution in the molecular tree showed that the Convallaria type is plesiomorphic, from which was derived the Tupistra type and subsequently the Aspidistra-elatior type. Taxonomic treatments to transfer Campylandra to Rohdea and Tricalistra to Tupistra are also given.
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Notes
In the published data, five karyotypes are recognized within Convallarieae following the classification of Stebbins (1971) : 1A, 1B, 2B, 2C and 3C. The karyotypes 1A, 1B and 2B correspond to the Convallaria type; the karyotypes 2C and 3C to the Tupistra type or Aspidistra-elatior type. As a result, the Convallaria type is further found in Speirantha gardenii, Campylandra annulata (H. Li and J.L. Huang) M.N. Tamura et al., C. chinensis, C. ensifolia (F.T. Wang and Tang) M.N. Tamura et al., C. longipedunculata (F.T. Wang and S. Yun Liang) M.N. Tamura et al., C. wattii C.B. Clarke, C. yunnanensis (F.T. Wang and S. Yun Liang) M.N. Tamura et al., and Tupistra nutans Wall. The Tupistra type is also found in Tupistra grandistigma F.T. Wang and S. Yun Liang, Aspidistra caespitosa C. Pei, A. leshanensis K.Y. Lang and Z.Y. Zhu, A. oblanceifolia F.T. Wang and K.Y. Lang, A. omeiensis Z.Y. Zhu and J.L. Zhang, A. sichuanensis K.Y. Lang and Z.Y. Zhu, and A. zongbayi K.Y. Lang and Z.Y. Zhu. The Aspidistra-elatior type is also found in Aspidistra mushaensis Hayata.
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Acknowledgements
We extend our cordial gratitude to Hiroshi Tobe for invaluable comments and also critical reading of the manuscript. We are grateful to Mikinori Ogisu, Kazumi Tsuchiya, H.T. Hung and Tomohisa Yukawa for supplying us with the materials used in the study. We are much indebted to Fading Pu, Chaolu Liu, and Ching-I Peng and the staff members of BKF Herbarium, Royal Forest Department (Thailand) who assisted in our fieldwork. The study was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (11640701 and 14405012) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan.
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Yamashita, J., Tamura, M.N. Phylogenetic analyses and chromosome evolution in Convallarieae (Ruscaceae sensu lato), with some taxonomic treatments. J Plant Res 117, 363–370 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-004-0169-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-004-0169-z