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Effects of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 and 4 on serum activins and follistatin in treatment naïve patients and their correlations with interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, viral load and liver damage

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Abstract

The importance of activins and follistatin in liver diseases has recently emerged. The aim of the present study was to measure the influence of chronic infection with viral hepatitis C (CHC) genotype 1 and 4 on serum levels of activin-A, activin-B and follistatin, and to determine their correlations with viral load, liver damage, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Sera samples collected from 20 male and 20 female treatment naïve CHC genotype 1 and 4 Saudi patients (ten males and ten females for each genotype), and 40 gender- and age-matched healthy participants were analysed for activin-A, activin-B and follistatin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and their levels were correlated with IL-6, TNF-α, viral load and AST platelet ratio index (APRI). Serum activin-A, activin-B, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased, while serum follistatin was significantly decreased, in both genders of CHC patients compared with control subjects, In both viral genotypes, activin-A was strongly and positively correlated with the viral load, APRI, IL-6 and TNF-α, and negatively with albumin (P < 0.01). Activin-B showed the same correlations of activin-A only in CHC genotype 1 patients, but it was weaker than activin-A. No correlation was detected with follistatin. Serum activins, particularly activin-A, and follistatin are significantly altered by CHC genotype 1 and 4. This dysregulation of activins/follistatin axis may be associated with viral replication, host immune response and liver injury. Further studies are needed to illustrate the definite role(s) and clinical value of activins and follistatin in CHC.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank KACST for the financial support of the study (12-MED2302-10) under the National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan. The study was funded by a Grant (12-MED2302-10) under the National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan from King Abdul Aziz City for Sciences and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, KSA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, PO Box 7607, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, KSA

    Bassem Refaat, Ahmed Mohammed Ashshi & Adel Galal El-Shemi

  2. Gastroenterology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, 21955, KSA

    Adnan AlZanbagi

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

    Adel Galal El-Shemi

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  1. Bassem Refaat
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  2. Ahmed Mohammed Ashshi
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Correspondence to Bassem Refaat.

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Refaat, B., Ashshi, A.M., El-Shemi, A.G. et al. Effects of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 and 4 on serum activins and follistatin in treatment naïve patients and their correlations with interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, viral load and liver damage. Clin Exp Med 15, 293–302 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-014-0297-2

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