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Intravenous immunoglobulin-mediated immunosuppression and the development of an IVIG substitute

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Abstract

Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins produced by the cells of the immune system. Their primary function is to protect the body from pathogenic infection. Moreover, a concentrated polyclonal mixture of immunoglobulin G (IgG), the so-called intravenous IgG (IVIG), has been used to treat various chronic and systemic disorders of the immune system. Studies on the effects of IVIG in autoimmune disease models have revealed that IgG Fc fragments confer protection against various autoimmune diseases. The identification of this IgG Fc immunomodulatory component is important for the development of IVIG substitutes. The focus of this review is to introduce one of the Fc regulatory entities and to provide a summary of the current knowledge of the putative general mechanisms underlying IVIG activity in vivo on the basis of these Fc fragments. We also address the recent insights into several approaches for the development of IVIG substitutes.

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Abbreviations

APCs:

Antigen-presenting cells

DC:

Dendritic cell

DC-SIGN:

Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin

DC-SIGN-R:

DC-SIGN related

SIGN-R1:

Murine homologue of DC-SIGN

EAE:

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

IL:

Interleukin

ITP:

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

IVIG:

Intravenous immunoglobulin

NK:

Natural killer

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Mid-career Researcher Program through NRF grant funded by the MEST (Y.-S. Kang, R01-2008-000-20803-0) and a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (Y.-S. Kang, PJ009062).

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  1. Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Institute of Functional Genomics, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea

    Miglena G. Prabagar, Hyeong-jwa Choi, Jin-Yeon Park, Sohee Loh & Young-Sun Kang

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  1. Miglena G. Prabagar
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  2. Hyeong-jwa Choi
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  3. Jin-Yeon Park
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Correspondence to Young-Sun Kang.

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Prabagar, M.G., Choi, Hj., Park, JY. et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin-mediated immunosuppression and the development of an IVIG substitute. Clin Exp Med 14, 361–373 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-013-0255-4

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