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Protistan grazing and viral lysis losses of bacterial carbon production in a large mesotrophic lake (Lake Biwa)

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Abstract

The grazing and lysis mortalities of planktonic bacteria were estimated using the modified dilution method and respiratory quinone (RQ) analysis in mesotrophic Lake Biwa, Japan. The planktonic bacterial assemblages in the lake consisted of various RQ subgroups with different growth and mortality rates. The sum of total bacterial mortalities due to protistan grazing and viral lysis accounted for 96.6 % (range 89.0–107.2 %) of daily total bacterial production. This is the first report that successfully demonstrates a balanced relationship between bacterial production and losses using the modified dilution method in a lake. The growth rates of ubiquinone (UQ)-containing bacteria were faster than those of menaquinone-containing bacteria. Especially the dominant and fastest growing bacterial groups in the present study were the bacterial groups containing UQ-8 or UQ-10. The sum of their production and loss accounted for 60 % of carbon fluxes within the microbial loop. Thus, a large portion of the carbon cycling through the bacterial community in Lake Biwa can be explained by the carbon fluxes through dominant bacterial groups.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Masayuki Ushio for his invaluable comments as well as his encouragement throughout this study. We also thank Mr. Tadatoshi Koitabashi and Dr. Yukiko Goda for their assistance during field sampling, and thank other colleagues at the Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, for their valuable comments on this study. This study was partly supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant no. 23370010 and the Japan Science and Technology Strategic International Research Cooperative Program (Japan–China) on Science and Technology for Environmental Conservation and Construction of a Society with Less Environmental Burden “Fate of dissolved organic matter in lakes with special reference to loading and pollution” to S.N. and 21710081 and 23710010 to T.K. H.T. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant no. 11J00658.

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  1. Hiroyuki Takasu

    Present address: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan

  2. Tadao Kunihiro

    Present address: Department of Ecosystems Studies/Department of Marine Microbiology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Ecological Research (CER), Kyoto University, Hirano-cho 2 Chome, 509-3, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan

    Hiroyuki Takasu & Shin-ichi Nakano

  2. Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan

    Tadao Kunihiro

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  1. Hiroyuki Takasu
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Correspondence to Shin-ichi Nakano.

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Handling Editor: Qinglong Wu.

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Fig. S1. Regression analyses of dilution experiments to estimate growth and mortality raty.

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Takasu, H., Kunihiro, T. & Nakano, Si. Protistan grazing and viral lysis losses of bacterial carbon production in a large mesotrophic lake (Lake Biwa). Limnology 15, 257–270 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-014-0431-6

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