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Risk factor profiles based on estimated glomerular filtration rate and dipstick proteinuria among participants of the Specific Health Check and Guidance System in Japan 2008

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Abstract

Background

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria (proteinuria) are both important determinants of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and mortality. Few studies, however, have examined the risk factor profiles based on eGFR and proteinuria among the general population.

Methods

Data of the newly developed nationwide screening program of the Specific Health Check-up and Guidance System (Tokutei-Kensin) initiated in 2008 were used in this study. The aim of this screening, targeting people 40–74 years of age, was to detect those with metabolic syndrome and to offer those services regarding lifestyle modifications that will lead to the reduction of diabetes mellitus (DM) and DM-related ESRD. Individual records of 580,000 participants in 69 cities and towns and 3 union cohorts throughout Japan were anonymously provided and included in the present study.

Results

Details of 332,174 participants (57.3% of the total) with both serum creatinine and dipstick urine test data were analyzed. Mean (SD) age was 63.6 (8.3) years and 40.6% were men. The mean (SD) eGFR was 75.0 (16.2) ml/min/1.73 m2 and 5.4% had proteinuria. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3, 4, and 5 was 14.2%, 0.2%, and 0.07%, respectively. The prevalence of DM, hypertension, and history of stroke and heart disease was correlated with the combination of eGFR and degree of proteinuria.

Conclusion

The findings of the present study indicate that CKD and risk factors for CVD are quite common among middle-aged Japanese. CKD classification based on eGFR and proteinuria may be useful for predicting CVD, mortality rate, and ESRD in the Japanese population.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the contributions of the staff members, who collected data and instructed subjects with metabolic syndrome, at the regional screening centers providing data for this study: Yamagata, Miyagi Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Niigata, Osaka, Okayama, Kochi, Fukuoka, and Okinawa. Follow-up screenings are ongoing. This work was supported by Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants for “Research on the positioning of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Specific Health Check and Guidance in Japan” (20230601), the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.

Conflict of Interest

None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan

    Kunitoshi Iseki

  2. Steering Committee for “Research on the Positioning of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in the Specific Health Check and Guidance System of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

    Kunitoshi Iseki, Koichi Asahi, Toshiki Moriyama, Kunihiro Yamagata, Kazuhiko Tsuruya, Hideaki Yoshida, Shoichi Fujimoto, Tsuneo Konta & Tsuyoshi Watanabe

  3. Department of Biostatistics/Epidemiology and Preventive Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Nursing, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Issei Kurahashi & Yasuo Ohashi

Authors
  1. Kunitoshi Iseki
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  2. Koichi Asahi
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  3. Toshiki Moriyama
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  4. Kunihiro Yamagata
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  6. Hideaki Yoshida
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  7. Shoichi Fujimoto
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  8. Tsuneo Konta
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  9. Issei Kurahashi
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  11. Tsuyoshi Watanabe
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kunitoshi Iseki.

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Iseki, K., Asahi, K., Moriyama, T. et al. Risk factor profiles based on estimated glomerular filtration rate and dipstick proteinuria among participants of the Specific Health Check and Guidance System in Japan 2008. Clin Exp Nephrol 16, 244–249 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-011-0551-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-011-0551-9

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