Abstract
Prostate cancer, one of the major causes of mortality globally is regarded as the second leading cause of mortality among men. It is known to affect the stromal cells surrounding it. Through the use of exosomes, the affected stromal cells can promote the growth and spread of the cancer. Exosomes are known to play a role not only in the development and progression of cancer but also contribute to the drug-resistance character of cancer cells. Recently, the discovery of the small non-coding RNAs or miRNA has attracted attention of cancer researchers as they can regulate the expression of different genes. Therefore, exosomal miRNA can be used as a novel and reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. In addition, exosomal miRNAs can also be used as a potential treatment for prostate cancer. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge about the role of exosomal miRNAs in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer and their potential role in monitoring the disease.
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Abbreviations
- ADT :
-
Androgen deprivation therapy
- AGO :
-
Argonaute
- AKT :
-
Ak strain transforming
- ANAX1 :
-
Annexin A1
- ARHGAP1 :
-
Rho GTPase activating protein 1
- Bcl2 :
-
B-cell lymphoma 2
- BPH :
-
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- CHORDC1 :
-
Cysteine and histidine rich domain containing 1
- c-Myc :
-
Cellular Myc
- CRPC :
-
Castrate-resistant prostate cancer
- DGCR8 :
-
DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8
- DNA :
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DROSHA :
-
Drosha ribonuclease III
- E2F1 :
-
E2F transcription factor 1
- E2F5 :
-
E2F transcription factor 5
- EMT :
-
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- ERG :
-
ETS-related gene
- ERK :
-
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- ESCRT :
-
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport
- GAS5 :
-
Growth arrest-specific 5
- IGF1R :
-
Insulin-like growth factor1 receptor
- LNCaP :
-
Lymph node carcinoma of the prostate
- LncRNA :
-
Long noncoding RNA
- miRNAs :
-
MicroRNAs
- mRNA :
-
Messenger RNA
- mTOR :
-
Mammalian target of rapamycin
- MVB :
-
Multivesicular bodies
- NAT :
-
Normal adjacent tissues
- NF-ĸB :
-
Nuclear factor-κB
- NUF1P2 :
-
Nuclear fragile X mental retardation-interacting protein 2
- PCa :
-
Prostate cancer
- PFDN4 :
-
Prefoldin subunit 4
- PI3K :
-
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- piRNA :
-
PIWI-interacting RNA
- Pol II :
-
Polymerase II
- POLR2E :
-
RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit E
- PRNCR1 :
-
Prostate cancer associated non-coding RNA 1
- PTAR1 :
-
Protein prenyl transferase alpha subunit repeat containing 1
- RISC :
-
RNA-induced silencing complex
- RSU1 :
-
Ras suppressor protein 1
- SAP30L-AS1 :
-
Sin3A-associated protein 30-like antisense RNA 1
- SHC4 :
-
SHC adaptor protein 4
- TFF3 :
-
Trefoil factor 3
- TGFBR2 :
-
Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 2
- Wnt :
-
Wingless and Int-1
- ZEB1 :
-
Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the academic fellowship grant from Department of Science and Technology and Biotechnology, Govt. of West Bengal.
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This work is financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology and Biotechnology (Sanction no. BT/ST/P/S&T/2G-13/2017), Govt. of West Bengal.
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Chowdhury, S.G., Ray, R. & Karmakar, P. Exosomal miRNAs—a diagnostic biomarker acting as a guiding light in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Funct Integr Genomics 23, 23 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-022-00951-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-022-00951-8