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Widespread Distribution of Dehalococcoides mccartyi in the Houston Ship Channel and Galveston Bay, Texas, Sediments and the Potential for Reductive Dechlorination of PCDD/F in an Estuarine Environment

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Abstract

Sediments in the Houston Ship Channel and upper Galveston Bay, Texas, USA, are polluted with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/F; ≤46,000 ng/kg dry weight (wt.)) with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic congener, contributing >50 % of the total toxic equivalents (TEQ) at most locations. We measured PCDD/F concentrations in sediments and evaluated the potential for enhanced in situ biodegradation by surveying for Dehalococcoides mccartyi, an obligate organohalide respiring bacterium. Dehalococcoides spp. (98 % similar to D. mccartyi) and 22 other members of the class Dehalococcoidia were predominant 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) phylotypes. Dehalococcoides spp. were also present in the active fraction of the bacterial community. Presence/absence PCR screening detected D. mccartyi in sediment cores and sediment grab samples having at least 1 ng/kg dry wt. TEQ at salinities ranging from 0.6 to 19.5 PSU, indicating that they are widespread in the estuarine environment. Organic carbon-only and organic carbon + sulfate-amended sediment microcosm experiments resulted in ∼60 % reduction of ambient 2,3,7,8-TCDD in just 24 months leading to reductions in total TEQs by 38.4 and 45.0 %, respectively, indicating that 2,3,7,8-TCDD degradation is occurring at appreciable rates.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by a Texas Seagrant Program award to PHS, RB, and KMY and a Texas Commission on Environmental Quality award to RB. A special thank you to Erik Wright for assistance with DECIPHER. We also thank Dr. Lorenz Adrian for D. mccartyi strain CBDB1 DNA.

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  1. Anne-Sophie Charlotte Hieke

    Present address: Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, 2472 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

  2. Kevin M. Yeager & Kimberly Schindler

    Present address: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, 101 Slone Research Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, 3146 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Anne-Sophie Charlotte Hieke

  2. Department of Marine Science, Texas A&M University, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA

    Robin Brinkmeyer, Kevin M. Yeager, Kimberly Schindler, Saijin Zhang, Chen Xu, Patrick Louchouarn & Peter H. Santschi

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Correspondence to Anne-Sophie Charlotte Hieke.

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Electronic Supplementary Material

Table S1

PCDD/F concentrations (ng/kg dry wt.) in sediment cores with D. mccartyi presence (+)/absence (−) data. PCR inhibition is designated with an “i.” (DOCX 98 kb)

Table S2

H2S (μmol l−1) in SG sediment core pore water (Santschi et al. 2009). (DOCX 99 kb)

Table S3

Salinity (PSU) in SG sediment core pore water. (DOCX 77 kb)

Table S4

Total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and inorganic carbon (IC) in pore water for sediment cores SG1, SG3, and SG4. (DOCX 61 kb)

Table S5

Total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and inorganic carbon (IC) in pore water for sediment cores SG6, SG7, and SG8. (DOCX 57 kb)

Table S6

POC (mg g−1) in SG sediment cores. (DOCX 69 kb)

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Hieke, AS.C., Brinkmeyer, R., Yeager, K.M. et al. Widespread Distribution of Dehalococcoides mccartyi in the Houston Ship Channel and Galveston Bay, Texas, Sediments and the Potential for Reductive Dechlorination of PCDD/F in an Estuarine Environment. Mar Biotechnol 18, 630–644 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-016-9723-7

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