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Conditioned media from blue light-emitting diode–exposed fibroblasts have an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro

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Abstract

We have previously reported the protective effects of blue light-emitting diode (BLED)–stimulated cell metabolites on cell injury. To further examine the effect of conditioned media (CM) derived from BLED (5 J/cm2)-exposed human normal fibroblasts (CMBL5) for clinical application, we have used the choline chloride and phenol red–free media and then concentrated CMBL5 using a centrifugal filter unit. The collected CMBL5-lower part (CMBL5-LO) has evaluated the inflammatory protein expression profile in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Comprehensive metabolomic profiling of CMBL5-LO was carried out using hybrid tandem mass spectrometry. Treatment with CMBL5-LO showed the cytoprotective effect on apoptotic cell death, but rather increased apoptotic cells after treatment with CMBL5-upper part (CMBL5-UP). In addition, CMBL5-LO inhibited several chemo-attractants, including interleukin (IL)-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression. Pro-inflammatory nitric oxide was decreased after CMBL5-LO treatment, but not by CMBL5-UP treatment. Interestingly, treatment with CMBL5-LO stimulated expression of heme oxygenase-1, indicating its anti-inflammatory property. Most endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins except for transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were highly expressed after irradiation with BLED in cells. Further studies are needed to examine the precise mechanism by CMBL5-LO in cells.

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Abbreviations

BLED :

blue light-emitting diode

CCL5 :

chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5

CHOP :

transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein

CM :

conditioned medium

CMBL5 :

conditioned medium derived from BLED (5 J/cm2)–irradiated cells

CMBL5-LO :

CMBL5-lower part

CMBL5-UP :

CMBL5-upper part

DMEM :

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium

ER :

endoplasmic reticulum

ERK :

phospho-extracellular signal–regulated kinase

GCSF :

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

HEPES :

hydroxyethyl piperazine ethane sulfonic acid

HMDB :

Human Metabolome Database

HO-1 :

heme oxygenase-1

IL-6 :

interleukin-6

IMDM :

Iscove’s modified Dulbecco’s medium

iNOS :

inducible nitric oxide synthase

IRE1α :

inositol-requiring 1α

LPS :

lipopolysaccharide

MAPK :

mitogen-activated protein kinase

MCP-1 :

monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

MIP-2 :

macrophage inflammatory protein-2

NO :

nitric oxide

OPLS-DA :

orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis

PCA :

principal component analysis

PDI :

protein disulfide isomerase

PERK :

pancreatic ER kinase

RLED :

red light-emitting diode

SFM :

serum-free media

UPLC :

ultra-performance liquid chromatography

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Funding

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2016R1D1A1B03932595) and grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare (HI15C1529).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk Regional Cyclotron Research Center & Biotracer Imaging Lab, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20, Geonji-ro, Duckjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 561-803, South Korea

    Phil-Sun Oh, Eun-Mi Kim, SeokTae Lim, Myung-Hee Sohn & Hwan-Jeong Jeong

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Correspondence to Hwan-Jeong Jeong.

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Oh, PS., Kim, EM., Lim, S. et al. Conditioned media from blue light-emitting diode–exposed fibroblasts have an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 36, 99–109 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03018-x

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