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Analysis of heterogeneous gallstones using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF)

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Abstract

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging analytical technique with numerous advantages such as rapidity, multi-elemental analysis, no specific sample preparation requirements, non-destructiveness, and versatility. It has been proven to be a robust elemental analysis tool attracting interest because of being applied to a wide range of materials including biomaterials. In this paper, we have performed spectroscopic studies on gallstones which are heterogeneous in nature using LIBS and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) techniques. It has been observed that the presence and relative concentrations of trace elements in different kind of gallstones (cholesterol and pigment gallstones) can easily be determined using LIBS technique. From the experiments carried out on gallstones for trace elemental mapping and detection, it was found that LIBS is a robust tool for such biomedical applications. The stone samples studied in the present paper were classified using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. WD-XRF spectroscopy has been applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of major and trace elements present in the gallstone which was compared with the LIBS data. The results obtained in the present paper show interesting prospects for LIBS and WD-XRF to study cholelithiasis better.

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL) and Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility (SAIF), Punjab University, Chandigarh for providing FT-IR and WD-XRF experimental facilities, respectively. The authors are also thankful to Professor S. B. Rai and Prof. S.N. Thakur from the Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi for their valuable suggestions and discussions during the course of the present work. Prof. Gondal is thankful to KFUPM for supporting this work through project RG 1421.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakryal, Katra, 182320, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Brij Bir S. Jaswal, Vinay Kumar, Jitendra Sharma & Vivek K. Singh

  2. Department of Urology and Nephrology, Opal Hospital, DLW Road, Varanasi, 221010, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Pradeep K. Rai

  3. Laser Research Group, Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Box 5047, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed A. Gondal

  4. Department of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    Bilal Gondal

Authors
  1. Brij Bir S. Jaswal
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  2. Vinay Kumar
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  3. Jitendra Sharma
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  4. Pradeep K. Rai
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  5. Mohammed A. Gondal
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  6. Bilal Gondal
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  7. Vivek K. Singh
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Correspondence to Vivek K. Singh.

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Jaswal, B.B.S., Kumar, V., Sharma, J. et al. Analysis of heterogeneous gallstones using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF). Lasers Med Sci 31, 573–579 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-016-1905-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-016-1905-z

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