Abstract
The optical properties of human whole blood and blood plasma with and without Y2O3 and Nd3+:Y2O3 nanoparticles are characterized in the near infrared region at 808 nm using a double integrating sphere technique. Using experimentally measured quantities of diffuse reflectance and diffuse transmittance, a computational analysis was conducted utilizing the Kubelka-Munk, the Inverse Adding Doubling, and Magic Light Kubelka-Munk and Monte Carlo Methods to determine optical properties of the absorption and scattering coefficients. Room temperature absorption and emission spectra were also acquired of Nd3+:Y2O3 nanoparticles elucidating their utility as biological markers. The emission spectra of Nd3+:Y2O3 were taken by exciting the nanoparticles before and after entering the whole blood sample. The emission from the 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 manifold transition of Nd3+:Y2O3 nanoparticles readily propagates through the blood sample at excitation of 808 nm and exhibits a shift in relative intensities of the peaks due to differences in scattering. At 808 nm, in both whole blood and plasma samples, a direct relationship was found with absorption coefficient and Y2O3 nanoparticle concentration. Results for the whole blood indicate a small inverse relationship with Y2O3 nanoparticle concentration and scattering coefficient and in contrast a direct relation for the plasma.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by partial funding of: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Minority Biomedical Research Support (MBRS) Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE) program NIH/NIGMS MBRS-RISE GM6065; National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored center for Biophotonics and Technology at UC Davis under the Cooperative Agreement No. PHY 0120999; and the NSF Partnership for Research and Education in Materials (PREM) NSF-PREM Grant No. DMR-0934218. The authors also thank Bagrat Grigoryan for preliminary work and Chris Dennis and Nathan Ray in the synthesis of the nanoparticles.
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Barrera, F.J., Yust, B., Mimun, L.C. et al. Optical and spectroscopic properties of human whole blood and plasma with and without Y2O3 and Nd3+:Y2O3 nanoparticles. Lasers Med Sci 28, 1559–1566 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-013-1268-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-013-1268-7