Abstract
Soft drink industries suffer inadequate handling of their product losses generally considered as wastes. Those products contribute to the wastewater organic load augmentation and cause fastidious environmental impact. In this study, an industrial scale bioconversion process based on multistage fermentation was proposed to treat and reuse soft drink factories’ high-loaded effluents for valuable components production. An upstream segregation of non-consumed beverage was performed to reduce the organic load of the soft drink wastewater. Beverage characterization revealed an important sugar content. Such an organic compound is undoubtedly responsible of the high organic load of soft drink wastewater. Thus, the bioconversion of the sugar content of soft drink waste to single-cell proteins was proposed as a solution to reduce wastewater polluting load. Soft drink wastewater including rejected and returned products was tested to be used as a substrate for yeast biomass production using a commercial yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The effect of nutrient supplementation and the initial sugar concentration effect in culture media on the biomass production were investigated using batch and fed-batch process. Results indicated that supplementation is necessary for successful fermentation. Juices and nectars gave better sugar-biomass conversion yields (0.38–0.45 g g−1). Depletion of the sugar contained in the soft drinks exceeded 96 % for all fermented media. Fed-batch culture revealed a biomass concentration improvement reaching 9.16 g L−1 compared to batch biomass concentration resulting from batch cultures (5.2 g L−1). The proposed process was shown to enable beverage industries to reduce water pollution generation through an on-site segregation procedure and a storage system to valorize product losses as source medium for single-cell protein production.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acourène S, Tama M (2001) Utilisation des dattes de faible valeur marchande (Rebuts de Deglet-Nour, Tinissine et Tantboucht) comme substrat pour la fabrication de la levure boulangère. Rev Energ Ren : Production et Valorisation – Biomasse, pp 1–10. http://www.cder.dz/download/bio_1.pdf
Acourène S, Khalid AK, Bacha A, Tama M, Taleb B (2007) Optimization of bakery yeast production cultivated on musts of dates. J Appl Sci Res 3:964–971
Al-Eid SM, Al-Jasass FM, Hamad SH (2010) Performance of baker’s yeast produced using date syrup substrate on Arabic bread quality. Afr J Biotechnol 9:3167–3174
Al-Obaidi ZS, Aziz GM, Al-Hakkak TS, Al-Hilli MA (1987) Optimization of propagation medium for baker’s yeast using date extract and molasses. Determination of the optimum concentration of microelements and vitamins. Date Palm J 5:64–78
APII (2014) Les Industries Agroalimentaires en Tunisie: Industrie des Boissons. Agency for the Promotion of Industry and Innovation, Tunisia
APII (2015) Breakdown of enterprises employing 10 or more persons by activity and regime, Food sector. Agency for the promotion of industry and innovation. Tunisia Industry Portal. http://www.tunisieindustrie.nat.tn/fr/zoom.asp?action=list&idsect=05. Accessed 15 June 2015
Audigié CI, Figarelle J, Zonszain F (1984) Manipulations d’Analyses biochimiques. Doin, Paris
Bessah R, Touzi A (2001) Production de Protéines d’Organismes Unicellulaires à partir des Déchets de Dattes Rev Energ Ren, pp 37–40
Blanco CA, Rayo J, Giralda JM (2008) Improving industrial full-scale production of baker’s yeast by optimizing aeration control. J AOAC Int 91:607–613
Carmaux S (2008) Caractérisation de la mort des cellules animales cultivées en bioréacteur. Henri Poincaré-Nancy I, Nancy
Cherni A, Ben Zid M (2007) Evaluation des non conformités au cours du conditionnement des boissons Gazeuses. Higher Institute of Food Industries of Tunisia, Tunis
da Cunha-Pereira F, Hickert LR, Sehnem NT, de Souza-Cruz PB, Rosa CA, Ayub MAZ (2011) Conversion of sugars present in rice hull hydrolysates into ethanol by Spathaspora arborariae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and their co-fermentations. Bioresour Technol 102:4218–4225. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.060
Eibl R, Eibl D (2009) Disposable bioreactors in cell culture-based upstream processing. BioProcess Int 7:18–23
Foglia D, Wukovits W, Friedl A, Ljunggren M, Zacchi G, Urbaniec K, Markowski M (2011) Effects of feedstocks on the process integration of biohydrogen production. Clean Technol Environ Policy 13:547–558. doi:10.1007/s10098-011-0351-7
Ghoulem C (2012) Amélioration du traitement des rejets industriels de la Société Tunisienne des Boissons Gazeuses (STBG) par nanofiltration membranaire et Suivi du phénomène d’entartrage. Université de Jendouba
Gómez-Pastor R, Garre E, Matallana E, Pérez-Torrado R (2011) Recent advances in yeast biomass production. In: Matovic DD (ed) Biomass—detection, production and usage. In Tech, pp. 201–222. doi:10.5772/19458
Isla MA, Comelli RN, Seluy LG (2013) Wastewater from the soft drinks industry as a source for bioethanol production. Bioresour Technol 136:140–147. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.089
Johnson G (1999) Assessing the damage to coke after health scare. Public Opinion, Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1999/jun/30/business/fi-51506. Accessed 25 March 2015
Kasmi M, Snoussi M, Dahmeni A, Ben Amor M, Hamdi M, Trabelsi I (2015) Use of thermal coagulation, separation, and fermentation processes for dairy wastewater treatment. Des Water Treat. doi:10.1080/19443994.2015.1056835
Khan JA, Abulnaja KO, Kumosani TA, Abou-Zaid A-ZA (1995) Utilization of Saudi date sugars in production of baker’s yeast. Bioresour Technol 53:63–66. doi:10.1016/0960-8524(95)00061-I
Madanhire I, Mbohwa C (2014) Cleaner production framework for an beverage manufacturing company. In: Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, vol 11. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Johannesburg
Markowski M, Urbaniec K, Budek A, Wukovits W, Friedl A, Ljunggren M, Zacchi G (2009) Heat integration of a fermentation-based hydrogen plant connected with sugar factory. Chem Eng 18:351–356. doi:10.3303/CET0918056
Martínez-Guido SI, González-Campos JB, Ponce-Ortega JM, Nápoles-Rivera F, El-Halwagi MM (2016) Optimal reconfiguration of a sugar cane industry to yield an integrated biorefinery. Clean Technol Environ Policy 18:553–562. doi:10.1007/s10098-015-1039-1
Maxime D, Marcotte M, Arcand Y (2006) Development of eco-efficiency indicators for the Canadian food and beverage industry. J Clean Prod 14:636–648. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.07.015
MedTEST (2012) Beverage Industry, Case Study FOOD sector—Tunisia. MedPartnership, Italy
Midžić-Kurtagić S, Silajdžić I, Kupusović T (2010) Mapping of environmental and technological performance of food and beverage sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Clean Prod 18:1535–1544. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.06.014
Mukherjee K, Banik AK (2010) Effect of trace elements on biosorption of Hg2+ by Hg2+ tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae A100. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2:236–241
Mwesigye PK, Barford JP (1996) Batch growth and transport kinetics of utilization of mixtures of sucrose and maltose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Ferment Bioeng 82:101–108. doi:10.1016/0922-338X(96)85029-X
Olajire AA (2012) The brewing industry and environmental challenges. J Clean Prod. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.03.003
Ould El Hadj MD, Bitour Z, Siboukeur O (2006) Etude de la production de la levure boulangère (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cultivée sur moût de rebuts des dattes. Courrier du Savoir 7:13–18
Oura E (1974) Effect of aeration intensity on the biochemical composition of baker’s yeast. I. Factors affecting the type of metabolism. Biotechnol Bioeng 16:1197–1212. doi:10.1002/bit.260160905
Peixoto G, Saavedra NK, Varesche MBA, Zaiat M (2011) Hydrogen production from soft-drink wastewater in an upflow anaerobic packed-bed reactor. Int J Hydrog Energy 36:8953–8966. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.014
Pérez-Torrado R, Gómez-Pastor R, Larsson C, Matallana E (2009) Fermentative capacity of dry active wine yeast requires a specific oxidative stress response during industrial biomass growth. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 81:951–960
Rahim R, Raman AAA (2015) Cleaner production implementation in a fruit juice production plant. J Clean Prod 101:215–221. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.065
Reed G, Nagodawithana TW (eds) (1991) Baker’s yeast production. In: Yeast technology, 2nd edn. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, pp 261–314
Reed G, Peppler HJ (1973) Yeast technology. AVI Pubishing Co., Westport, MI
Reineccius G (2005) Flavor chemistry and technology, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Rizzi M, Baltes M, Theobald U, Reuss M (1997) In vivo analysis of metabolic dynamics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: II Mathematical model. Biotechnol Bioeng 55:592–608
Rodier J, Legube B, Merlet N, Brunet R (2009) L’analyse de l’eau: Eaux naturelles, eaux résiduaires, eau de mer, 9th edn. Dunod, Paris
Schollenberger H, Treitz M, Geldermann J (2008) Adapting the European approach of Best Available Techniques: case studies from Chile and China. J Clean Prod 16:1856–1864. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.02.007
Seiler RL, Zaugg SD, Thomas JM, Howcroft DL (1999) Caffeine and pharmaceuticals as indicators of waste water contamination in wells. Ground Water 37:405–410. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb01118.x
Singh Pankaj SR (1999) Biological production of clean energy: hydrogen. In: Tiwari SP, Sharma R, Gaur R (eds) Recent advances in biotechnology. Pratiyogita Darpan, India, pp 384–387
Spigno G, Fumi MD, De Faveri DM (2002) Glucose syrup and corn steep liquor as alternative to molasses substrates for production of baking-quality yeast. Institute of Oenology and Food Engineering—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Via Emilia Parmense Piacenza (Italy)
STBG (2011) Société Tunisienne des Boissons Gazeuses: Satistical Data. Tunis
Stone CW (1998) Yeast products in the feed industry: A Practical Guide for Feed Professionals. Diamond V Mills Inc., Cedar Rapids, pp 10–11
Sychrova H (2004) Yeast as a model organism to study transport and homeostasis of alkali metal cations. Physiol Res/Acad Sci Bohemoslov 53:91–98
Times Wire Services (1999) Health Scare Will Hurt Coca-Cola’s Results
Touzi A (1997) Production d’Ethanol à partir des déchets de Dattes. Recherche Agronomique 1:53–57
Turhan I, Bialka KL, Demirci A, Karhan M (2010) Ethanol production from carob extract by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresour Technol 101:5290–5296. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.146
Urbaniec K, Grabarczyk R (2014) Hydrogen production from sugar beet molasses—a techno-economic study. J Clean Prod 65:324–329. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.027
Zimkus A, Chaustova L, Raszumas V (2006) Effect of Lithium and Sodium cations on the permeability of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to tetraphenylphosphonium ions. Biologija 2:47–49
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kasmi, M., Chatti, A., Hamdi, M. et al. Eco-friendly process for soft drink industries wastewater reuse as growth medium for Saccharomyces cerevisiae production. Clean Techn Environ Policy 18, 2265–2278 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1144-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1144-9