Abstract
This paper overviewed the potential of rubber seed biomass for its various applications and processing technologies. The rubber seed availability and supply are studied and focused on Southeast Asia region. Technologies with rubber seed and rubber seed oil processing are reviewed. Challenges over rubber seed utilisation, e.g. rubber seed biomass availability, labour issue, etc., are raised and discussed. Future developments of rubber seed utilisation, in term of its management trends and supply solutions, are proposed. Rubber seed is gaining attractions for its vast practical applications, as a result of the expansion of rubber industry.
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Acknowledgments
The financial supports from Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) PRGS-Grant (158-200-158), University of Nottingham Early Career Research and Knowledge Transfer Award (A2RHL6) and Global Green Synergy Sdn Bhd Industrial Grant are gratefully acknowledged. The highest gratitude is expressed for the cooperation and information provided by the Malaysian Rubber Board and Economic Planning Unit throughout the study.
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Ng, W.P.Q., Lim, M.T., bt Mohamad Izhar, S.M. et al. Overview on economics and technology development of rubber seed utilisation in Southeast Asia. Clean Techn Environ Policy 16, 439–453 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-013-0667-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-013-0667-6