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Clean esterification of mandelic acid over Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 supported on acid treated clay

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Abstract

Several esters of mandelic acid are valuable precursors in a number of processes. Esterification is rampantly employed in the production of fragrances, flavors, plastics, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers. For instance, methyl mandelate is used as a precursor in the synthesis of pemoline, a CNS stimulant, and also plays a vital role in artificial flavoring and perfumes. Esters are normally produced by reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols catalyzed by homogeneous mineral acids, which are fraught with contamination of the product and post-treatment pollution problems. A process for clean esterification of mandelic acid with methanol to produce methyl mandelate was developed by using novel solid acids such as Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 clay, UDCaT-1 and sulfated zirconia. All of them are reusable and efficient catalysts. However, the activity of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 clay was superior to the rest. Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 clay is a recyclable nano-catalyst. The effects of various parameters were studied to deduce the intrinsic kinetics of the reaction.

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Abbreviations

a P :

Catalyst particle surface area per unit liquid volume, cm2/cm3

A:

Mandelic acid

[A 0]:

Initial concentration of mandelic acid, mol/cm3

[A S]:

Concentration of mandelic acid at the external surface of catalyst, mol/cm3

B:

Methanol

[B 0]:

Initial concentration of methanol, mol/cm3

[B S]:

Concentration of methanol at the external surface of catalyst, mol/cm3

d P :

Particle diameter, cm

D :

Bulk diffusivity, cm2/s

K A, K B, K M, K P :

Adsorption equilibrium constants for A,B,C,D, respectively, cm3/mol

k SL-A :

Solid–liquid mass transfer coefficient for species A, cm/s

k SL-B :

Solid–liquid mass transfer coefficient for species B, cm/s

\(k_{\text {R}_{2}} \) :

Rate constant, (cm3/mol) (cm3/g-cat) (1/s)

M:

Menthyl mandelate

P:

Water

robs :

Observed rate of reaction, mol/cm3 s

R A :

Rate of external mass transfer of A, mol/cm3 s

R B :

Rate of external mass transfer of B, mol/cm3 s

w :

Catalyst loading in liquid phase, g/cm3

ρP :

Particle density, g/cm3

Sh:

Sherwood number

\(k_{\text {R}_{2}} = k_{2} K_{\rm A} K_{\rm B}\) :

Observed rate constant

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Acknowledgements

GDY acknowledges support from Darbari Seth Endowment and NMITLI program of CSIR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai, 400 019, India

    Ganapati D. Yadav & Ramesh D. Bhagat

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  1. Ganapati D. Yadav
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  2. Ramesh D. Bhagat
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Correspondence to Ganapati D. Yadav.

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Yadav, G.D., Bhagat, R.D. Clean esterification of mandelic acid over Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 supported on acid treated clay. Clean Techn Environ Policy 7, 245–251 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-005-0012-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-005-0012-9

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