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From autoinflammation to autoimmunity: old and recent findings

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Abstract

Autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases have a number of similar etiopathogenetic and clinical characteristics, including genetic predisposition and recurrent systemic inflammatory flares. The first phase of ADs involves innate immunity: by means of TLRs, autoantigen presentation, B and T cell recruitment and autoantibody synthesis. The second phase involves adaptive immunity, a self-sustaining process in which immune complexes containing nucleic acids and autoantibodies activate self-directed inflammation. The link between autoimmunity and autoinflammation is IL-1ß, which is crucial in connecting the innate immune response due to NLR activation and the adaptive immune responses of T and B cells. In conclusion, although ADs are still considered adaptive immunity-mediated disorders, there is increasing evidence that innate immunity and inflammasomes are also involved. The aim of this review is to highlight the link between the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms involved in autoimmune diseases.

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  1. Francesco Caso and Luisa Costa contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy

    Francesco Caso, Luisa Costa & Raffaele Scarpa

  2. Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Valeria Nucera & Fabiola Atzeni

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy

    Giuseppe Barilaro

  4. Orthopedic and Trauma Unit, Santissima Trinità Hospital, Cagliari, Italy

    Ignazio Francesco Masala

  5. Rheumatology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Buzzi, Milan, Italy

    Rossella Talotta & Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini

  6. Geriatric Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, S. Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Paolo Caso

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  1. Francesco Caso
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Correspondence to Raffaele Scarpa.

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Caso, F., Costa, L., Nucera, V. et al. From autoinflammation to autoimmunity: old and recent findings. Clin Rheumatol 37, 2305–2321 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-018-4209-9

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