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Recognising brainstem problems in the emergency department using the rule of 4 of the brainstem

Erkennen von Störungen am Hirnstamm in der Notaufnahme unter Anwendung der 4er-Regel

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Abstract

This paper describes using the rule of 4 of the brainstem to help emergency physicians readily identify patients with brainstem problems. It is a simple set of four rules that demystify the brainstem. It is not designed to discuss patients presenting with coma, of which brainstem problems are only one of the many causes. It will also discuss cerebellar infarction and haemorrhage, because although not strictly part of the rule of 4, these are medical emergencies that can, at times, easily be missed.

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Beitrag wird die Anwendung der 4er-Regel des Hirnstamms beschrieben, die es Ärzten in der Notaufnahme ermöglicht, Patienten mit Störungen am Hirnstamm auf einfache Weise zu identifizieren. Mit ihren vier simplen Teilregeln nimmt sie dieser anatomischen Struktur ihren Schrecken. Es ist nicht der Anspruch dieser Arbeit, die Situation von Patienten im Koma zu erörtern, das neben Störungen am Hirnstamm viele weitere Ursachen haben kann. Diskutiert werden auch Kleinhirninfarkte und -blutungen. Sie sind zwar streng genommen nicht Teil der 4er-Regel, werden aber als medizinische Notfälle leicht übersehen – zumindest in manchen Fällen.

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Correspondence to P. Gates FRACP.

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P. Gates states that there are no conflicts of interest.

The accompanying manuscript does not include studies on humans or animals.

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Supplementary material online:

The translated German full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink (under supplemental dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10049-015-0040-x).

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Gates, P. Recognising brainstem problems in the emergency department using the rule of 4 of the brainstem. Notfall Rettungsmed 18, 364–369 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-015-0034-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-015-0034-8

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