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Development of omnidirectional aerial display with aerial imaging by retro-reflection (AIRR) for behavioral biology experiments

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  • Laser Display and Lighting Conference (LDC’ 18), Yokohama, Japan
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Abstract

We have realized an omnidirectional aerial display for behavioral experiments. The omnidirectional aerial image is formed using a beam splitter with a cone shape. When an aerial image is shown to medaka and betta fish, they react following the aerial image. Furthermore, we propose a method for changing the position of the aerial image by increasing the distance between the beam splitter and the light source.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Dr. Shiro Suyama, Dr. Daisuke Miyazaki, Dr. Shoji Fukamachi and Dr. Takashi Kakue for discussions on the experiments. This work was partially supported by JST/ACCEL (grant no. JPMJAC1601), NIBB Priority Collaborative Research Project (16–101) and MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. 15H02739).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Optical Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan

    Erina Abe, Masaki Yasugi & Hirotsugu Yamamoto

  2. JST, ACCEL, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan

    Masaki Yasugi & Hirotsugu Yamamoto

  3. Molecular Ethology Laboratory, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, Japan

    Hideaki Takeuchi

  4. National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5–1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan

    Eiji Watanabe & Yasuhiro Kamei

Authors
  1. Erina Abe
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  2. Masaki Yasugi
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  3. Hideaki Takeuchi
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  4. Eiji Watanabe
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  5. Yasuhiro Kamei
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  6. Hirotsugu Yamamoto
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Correspondence to Erina Abe.

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Appendices

Appendix A

We experimented on medaka under the following conditions. We used four individual medaka and one male betta, and to investigate whether the medaka reacted to aerial images with differing contrast we changed the contrast of an aerial image of stripes in three stages, namely standard, − 60%, and − 80%. In the created image of stripes, a negative contrast value corresponded to decreased contrast. Moreover, we changed the angular speed of the aerial image in four stages, namely 1.3 rad/s, 1.6 rad/s, 2.1 rad/s, and 3.1 rad/s. For the aerial image of medaka, we experimented only with the standard contrast and 1.3 rad/s. We then changed the direction of rotation from clockwise to counter-clockwise. We conducted experiments after showing the medaka the aerial image for 20 min, thereby the time taken by them to get used to it.

The experiments were approved by the Committee for Animal Experimentation at Utsunomiya University, Japan (approval number: A18-0015) and were conducted out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

We showed the female and male medaka the aerial image of stripes. The image taken in a band shape is shown in Fig. 14, and the results are shown in Fig. 15. The medaka followed the aerial image even when we changed the rotation speed and direction and contrast. We then showed the female and male medaka the aerial image of medaka. Figure 16 shows the results of that experiment. The fish reacted to the aerial image, following it when we changed the rotation direction.

Fig. 14
figure 14

Photographs taken inside the optical system: a striped aerial image of standard contrast; b stripe aerial image of – 60% contrast; c stripe aerial image of – 80% contrast; (d) aerial image of medaka

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Fig. 15
figure 15

Experimental results showing aerial image of the striped pattern in a clockwise rotation and b counter-clockwise rotation

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Fig. 16
figure 16

Results of an experiment showing the aerial image of medaka in a clockwise rotation and b counter-clockwise rotation

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Appendix B

We carried out the same experiment on betta as on medaka and rotated the image at 1.3 rad/s a rotation speed of 1.3 rad/s. The aerial images used in the experiments are shown in Fig. 17.

Figure 18 shows the situation when a male aerial image was displayed. At this time, the betta reacted intensely, spreading its previously narrowed fins and rushing toward the aerial image. In addition, the act of flaring spread gills to the side and threating the opponent was observed.

Figure 19 shows the situation when a female aerial image was displayed. Just like when we showed a male aerial image, the male betta spread its fins and threatened to attack.

Fig. 17
figure 17

Aerial images of betta

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Fig. 18
figure 18

Appearance of a male betta upon being shown aerial images of another male betta: a stationary aerial image; b moving aerial image

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Fig. 19
figure 19

Appearance of a male betta upon being shown aerial images of a female betta: a stationary aerial image; b moving aerial image

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Abe, E., Yasugi, M., Takeuchi, H. et al. Development of omnidirectional aerial display with aerial imaging by retro-reflection (AIRR) for behavioral biology experiments. Opt Rev 26, 221–229 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-019-00502-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-019-00502-w

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