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Hydraulic conductivity estimation using direct current (DC) sounding data: a case study in East Nile Delta, Egypt

Estimation de la conductivité hydraulique à partir de données de sondages avec courant direct: un cas d’étude dans l’Est du Delta du Nil, Egypte

Estimación de la conductividad hidráulica usando sondeos de datos de corriente continua (DC): un caso de estudio en el Delta Oriental del Nilo, Egipto

运用直流探测数据估算水力传导率:埃及东尼罗河三角洲的一个研究案例

Estimativa da condutividade hidráulica utilizando dados de sondagens de corrente direta (DC): um caso de estudo no Delta Este do Nilo, Egito

Doğru akım (DA) sondaj verisinden hidrolik iletkenlik kestirimi: Doğu Nil Deltası, Mısır örneği

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Abstract

Automated vertical electrical sounding (VES) inversion schemes were applied for hydrogeological characterisation at a semi-arid area in the southeastern part of the East Nile Delta, Egypt. The apparent resistivity measurements were integrated with borehole, hydrogeological and structural information for a better description of the subsurface conditions. The final results were presented in the form of cross-sections, maps and 3D diagrams to visualise the geological and hydrogeological situations. The resistivity values derived from the VES data were used to predict the hydraulic conductivity (K) values by using two empirical relations, which depend on the direct relation between K and the aquifer transverse resistance (T) and the power relation between K and the aquifer resistivity (ρ). The estimated values were compared with the observed K values obtained from the pumping tests. The power law relation produces more reliable predicted K values that show a good correlation with the data compiled for the hydraulic gradient of the main Pleistocene aquifer in the East Nile Delta. The results also indicate that the joint use of an automated 1D interpretation algorithm and the power law empirical relationship constitute a valuable tool to characterise the hydrogeophysical properties of aquifers in the study area.

Résumé

Des schémas d’inversion automatique de sondages électriques verticaux (SEV) ont été utilisés pour la caractérisation hydrogéologique dans une zone semi-aride dans la partie sud-orientale de l’Est du Delta du Nil en Egypte. Les mesures de résistivité apparentes ont été intégrées à l’information hydrogéologique et structurale ainsi que des forages pour obtenir une meilleure description des conditions du sous-sol. Les résultats finaux ont été présentés sous forme de profils, de cartes et de graphiques 3D afin de visualiser le contexte géologique et hydrogéologique. Les valeurs de résistivité obtenues à partir des données de SEV ont été utilisées pour prédire les valeurs de conductivité hydraulique (K) en utilisant deux relations empiriques, qui dépendent de la relation directe entre K et la résistance transverse de l’aquifère (T) et la relation de puissance entre K et la résistivité de l’aquifère (ρ). Les valeurs estimées ont été comparées aux valeurs observées de K obtenues à partir des essais de pompage. La loi de puissance produit une meilleure prédiction des valeurs K montrant une bonne corrélation avec les données compilées pour le gradient hydraulique de l’aquifère principal Pléistocène dans l’Est du Delta du Nil. Les résultats montrent également que l’utilisation conjointe d’un algorithme automatique 1D pour l’interprétation et une loi de puissance empirique constitue un outil de valeur pour caractériser les propriétés hydrogéophysiques des aquifères dans la zone d’étude.

Resumen

Se aplicaron los esquemas automatizados de inversión de los sondeos eléctricos verticales (VES) para la caracterización hidrogeológica en un area semiárida en la parte sudeste del Delta Oriental del Nilo, Egipto. La medidas de resistividad aparente fueron integradas con información de perforaciones, hidrogeológica y estructural para una mejor descripción de las condiciones del subsuelo. Los resultados finales se presentaron en forma de secciones transversales, mapas y diagramas 3D para visualizar las situaciones geológicas e hidrogeológicas. Los valores de resistividad derivados de los datos de los VES se usaron para predecir los valores de conductividad hidráulica (K) mediante el uso de dos relaciones empíricas, las cuales dependen de la relación directa entre K y la resistividad transversal del acuífero (T) y de la relación potencial entre K y la resistividad del acuífero (ρ). Los valores estimados se compararon con los valores observados de K obtenidos a partir de ensayos de bombeo. La relación de la ley potencial produce valores de K predichos más confiables que muestra una buena correlación con los datos compilados para el gradiente hidráulico del principal acuífero del Pleistoceno en el Delta Oriental del Nilo. Los resultados también indican que el uso conjunto de un algoritmo de interpretación automatizada 1D y la ley potencial de la relación empírica constituyen una herramienta valiosa para caracterizar las propiedades hidrogeofísicas de acuíferos en el área de estudio.

摘要

采用自动化的垂直电探测反向方案对埃及东尼罗河三角洲一个半干旱地区的水文地质特征进行了描述。视电阻率测量数据结合钻孔、水文地质和构造信息可以更好地描述地表以下的情况。最终结果以截面、地图和3D图的形式展示出来,使地质和水文地质状况可视化。通过采用两个经验关系并利用来源于垂直电探测电阻率值预测水力传导率值(K),这两个经验关系取决于K和含水层横向电阻率(T)的直接关系及K和含水层电阻率(p)的功率关系。对估算的值与抽水试验观测到的K值进行了对比。幂次定律关系可得到更加可靠的预测K值,显示与用于东尼罗河三角洲主要更新世含水层水利梯度编制资料有很好的关联性。结果还表明,联合应用自动化1D解译算法和幂次定律经验关系构成了描述研究区含水层水文地球物理特性的宝贵工具。

Resumo

Foram aplicados esquemas automatizados de inversão de sondagens elétricas verticais (VES) para a caraterização hidrogeológica duma área semiárida, na parte sudeste do Delta Este do Nilo, no Egito. As medições de resistividade aparente foram integradas com informações de furos, dados hidrogeológicos e estruturais, para uma melhor descrição das condições sub-superficiais. Os resultados finais foram apresentados na forma de seções transversais, mapas e diagramas em 3D, para visualizar as situações geológicas e hidrogeológicas. Os valores de resistividade, derivados dos dados das VES, foram utilizados para prever os valores da condutividade hidráulica (K), usando duas relações empíricas que dependem da relação direta entre K e a resistência transversal do aquífero (T) e da relação de potência entre K e a resistividade do aquífero (ρ). Os valores estimados foram comparados com os valores observados de K obtidos a partir de testes de bombeamento. A relação da lei de potência produz valores previstos de K mais confiáveis, que mostram uma boa correlação com os dados compilados para o gradiente hidráulico do aquífero principal do Plistocénico no Delta Este do Nilo. Os resultados também indicam que a utilização conjunta de um algoritmo de interpretação 1D automatizado e a relação empírica da lei de potência constituem uma valiosa ferramenta para caraterizar as propriedades hidrogeofísicas dos aquíferos na área de estudo.

Öz

Doğu Nil Deltası’nın (Mısır) güneydoğu bölümündeki yarıkurak bölgenin hidrojeolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için otomatik düşey elektrik sondajı (DES) ters-çözüm yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Görünür özdirenç ölçüleri, yeraltının daha iyi betimlenmesi için kuyu, hidrojeoloji ve yapısal bilgiler ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Jeolojik ve hidrojeolojik koşulları görselleştirmek amacı ile sonuçlar, yapma-kesit, harita ve üç-boyutlu diyagramlar şeklinde sunulmuştur. DES verisinden hesaplanan özdirenç değerleri, hidrolik iletkenlik (K) değerlerini kestirmek amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, sırası ile K değerleri ve akifer enine direnci (T) arasındaki doğrusal ilişki ile K değerleri ve akifer özdirenci arasındaki kuvvet ilişkisi kullanılmıştır. Hesaplanan değerler, pompa testlerinden elde edilen değerler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Kuvvet ilişkisi güvenilir K değerleri üretmiş ve bu değerler Doğu Nil Deltası’ndaki Pleistosen akiferlerinde toplanan veri ile iyi ilişki göstermiştir. Otomatik bir-boyutlu yorumlama algoritması ile görgül kuvvet bağıntısının birlikte kullanımı, çalışma alanındaki akiferlerin hidrojeofiziksel özelliklerini tanımlamak için etkili bir araç oluşturmuştur.

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Acknowledgements

A part of this article was presented at the 18th Annual International Meeting of Near Surface Geosciences, Paris, France, 3–5 September, 2012. The first author (MA) thanks the Scientific Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK) for a Post-Doc scholarship to Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Geophysical Engineering Department. MA would also like to express appreciation to Ahmed Nosier for great support, valuable discussions and assistance with data collection during this work. Ahmed Abdel Shaheid helped with one of the figures. The authors would like to thank an anonymous reviewer, M. Abou Heleika and the associate editor B. Minsley, for many helpful comments and suggestions.

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Attwa, M., Basokur, A.T. & Akca, I. Hydraulic conductivity estimation using direct current (DC) sounding data: a case study in East Nile Delta, Egypt. Hydrogeol J 22, 1163–1178 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1107-3

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