Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Copper-deposited aluminum anode for aluminum-air battery

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For Al-air batteries, it is important to develop efficient and economical anodes. In this study, the effect of aluminum anodes treated with copper by chemical and electrochemical process to battery performance is investigated. The surface characterization of this electrode is performed with a scanning electron microscope. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and anodic polarization techniques are used. The hydrogen gas evolution and corrosion rate tests, the constant-voltage discharge tests, and the galvanostatic anodic dissolution tests are carried out. The anode utilizations are calculated. It is seen that the copper improves the anode efficiency by promoting the dissolution of aluminum according to battery reaction. However, it protects the aluminum from corrosion reaction by forming a barrier film without any restriction of battery reaction. It is understood from this work that the most efficient, economical, and practical method for copper deposition to electrode is the electrochemical deposition of copper. Furthermore, the 7075 alloy (Alloy/Cu) is more stable for both the electrochemical and chemical deposition process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wang D, Zhang D, Lee K, Gao L (2015) Performance of AA5052 alloy anode in alkaline ethylene glycol electrolyte with dicarboxylic acids additives for aluminium-air batteries. J Power Sources 297:464–471

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Fan L, Lu H, Leng J (2015) Performance of fine structured aluminum anodes in neutral and alkaline electrolytes for Al-air batteries. Electrochim Acta 165:22–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Chu F, Zuo C, Tian Z, Ma C, Zhao C, Wang Y, Dong W, Long J, Wen Z, Yuan X, Cao Y (2018) Solution combustion synthesis of mixed-phase Mn-based oxides nanoparticles and their electrocatalytic performances for Al-air batteries. J Alloys Compd 748:375–381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Egan D, De León CP, Wood R, Jones R, Stokes K, Walsh F (2013) Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries. J Power Sources 236:293–310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Holland A, McKerracher RD, Cruden A, Wills RGA (2018) An aluminium battery operating with an aqueous electrolyte. J Appl Electrochem 48:243–250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang L, Wang W, Yang G, Liu D, Xuan J, Wang H, Leung MKH, Liu F (2013) A hybrid aluminum/hydrogen/air cell system. Int J Hydrog Energy 38(34):14801–14809

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang D, Li H, Liu J, Zhang D, Gao L, Tong L (2015) Evaluation of AA5052 alloy anode in alkaline electrolyte with organic rare-earth complex additives for aluminium-air batteries. J Power Sources 293:484–491

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang X, Yang SH, Knickle H (2004) Novel operation and control of an electric vehicle aluminum/air battery system. J Power Sources 128(2):331–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ilyukhina AV, Kleymenov BV, Zhuk AZ (2017) Development and study of aluminum-air electrochemical generator and its main components. J Power Sources 342:741–749

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Yang S, Knickle H (2002) Design and analysis of aluminum/air battery system for electric vehicles. J Power Sources 112(1):162–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cho Y-J, Park I-J, Lee H-J, Kim J-G (2015) Aluminum anode for aluminum–air battery – part I: influence of aluminum purity. J Power Sources 277:370–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Fan L, Lu H (2015) The effect of grain size on aluminum anodes for Al–air batteries in alkaline electrolytes. J Power Sources 284:409–415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Jingling M, Jiuba W, Hongxi Z, Quanan L (2015) Electrochemical performances of Al–0.5Mg–0.1Sn–0.02In alloy in different solutions for Al–air battery. J Power Sources 293:592–598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nestoridi M, Pletcher D, Wood RJK, Wang S, Jones RL, Stokes KR, Wilcock I (2008) The study of aluminium anodes for high power density Al/air batteries with brine electrolytes. J Power Sources 178(1):445–455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bai L, Conway B (1992) Role of indium in promoting anodic dissolution of Al-In alloys in non-aqueous electrolyte. J Appl Electrochem 22(2):131–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. El Abedin SZ, Saleh A (2004) Characterization of some aluminium alloys for application as anodes in alkaline batteries. J Appl Electrochem 34:331–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Smoljko I, Gudić S, Kuzmanić N, Kliškić M (2012) Electrochemical properties of aluminium anodes for Al/air batteries with aqueous sodium chloride electrolyte. J Appl Electrochem 42(11):969–977

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mutlu RN, Ateş S, Yazıcı B (2017) Al-6013-T6 and Al-7075-T7351 alloy anodes for aluminium-air battery. Int J Hydrog Energy 42(36):23315–23325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Pino M, Cuadrado C, Chacón J, Rodríguez P, Fatás E, Ocón P (2014) The electrochemical characteristics of commercial aluminium alloy electrodes for Al/air batteries. J Appl Electrochem 44(12):1371–1380

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ma J, Wen J, Gao J, Li Q (2014) Performance of Al−1Mg−1Zn−0.1Ga−0.1Sn as anode for Al-air battery. Electrochim Acta 129:69–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chaubey N, Yadav DK, Singh VK, Quraishi MA (2015) A comparative study of leaves extracts for corrosion inhibition effect on aluminium alloy in alkaline medium. Ain Shams Eng J 8:673–682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Fan L, Lu H, Leng J, Sun Z, Chen C (2015) The effect of crystal orientation on the aluminum anodes of the aluminum–air batteries in alkaline electrolytes. J Power Sources 299:66–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pino M, Chacón J, Fatás E, Ocón P (2015) Performance of commercial aluminium alloys as anodes in gelled electrolyte aluminium-air batteries. J Power Sources 299:195–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Tang Y, Lu L, Roesky HW, Wang L, Huang B (2004) The effect of zinc on the aluminum anode of the aluminum–air battery. J Power Sources 138(1-2):313–318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Liu J, Wang D, Zhang D, Gao L, Lin T (2016) Synergistic effects of carboxymethyl cellulose and ZnO as alkaline electrolyte additives for aluminium anodes with a view towards Al-air batteries. J Power Sources 335:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Park I-J, Choi S-R, Kim J-G (2017) Aluminum anode for aluminum-air battery – part II: influence of in addition on the electrochemical characteristics of Al-Zn alloy in alkaline solution. J Power Sources 357:47–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Macdonald DD, English C (1990) Development of anodes for aluminium/air batteries—solution phase inhibition of corrosion. J Appl Electrochem 20(3):405–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Paramasivam M, Iyer SV (2001) Influence of alloying additives on corrosion and hydrogen permeation through commercial aluminium in alkaline solution. J Appl Electrochem 31(1):115–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Paramasivam M, Jayachandran M, Iyer SV (2003) Influence of alloying additives on the performance of commercial grade aluminium as galvanic anode in alkaline zincate solution for use in primary alkaline batteries. J Appl Electrochem 33(3/4):303–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Nath P, Sahu DK, Mallik A (2016) Physicochemical and corrosion properties of sono-electrodeposited Cu-Ni thin films. Surf Coat Technol 307:772–780

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Alper M, Kockar H, Safak M, Baykul MC (2008) Comparison of Ni–cu alloy films electrodeposited at low and high pH levels. J Alloys Compd 453(1-2):15–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Sharma T, Shaver P, Brown DA, Brüning R, Peldzinski V, Ferro A (2016) Time evolution of stress and microstructure in electroplated copper films. Electrochim Acta 196:479–486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang Y-H, He J-B (2012) Corrosion inhibition of copper by sodium phytate in NaOH solution: cyclic voltabsorptometry for in situ monitoring of soluble corrosion products. Electrochim Acta 66:45–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhou X, Thompson GE, Skeldon P, Shimizu K, Habazaki H, Wood GC (2005) The valence state of copper in anodic films formed on Al–1at.% Cu alloy. Corros Sci 47(5):1299–1306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hashimoto T, Zhou X, Skeldon P, Thompson GE (2015) Structure of the copper–enriched layer introduced by anodic oxidation of copper-containing aluminium alloy. Electrochim Acta 179:394–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Cao C, Zhang D, Wang X, Ma Q, Zhuang L, Zhang J (2016) Effects of Cu addition on the precipitation hardening response and intergranular corrosion of Al-5.2Mg-2.0Zn (wt.%) alloy. Mater Charact 122:177–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Mert BD, Solmaz R, Kardaş G, Yazıcı B (2011) Copper/polypyrrole multilayer coating for 7075 aluminum alloy protection. Prog Org Coat 72(4):748–754

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Mukherjee S, Ghosh AK (2011) Friction stir processing of direct metal deposited copper–nickel. Mater Sci Eng A 528(9):3289–3294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Strehblow HH, Doherty C (1978) Examination of aluminum copper films during anodic oxidation I. Corrosion Studies. J Electrochem Soc 125(1):30–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Arthanari S, Jang JC, Shin KS (2018) Corrosion studies of high pressure die-cast Al-Si-Ni and Al-Si-Ni-Cu alloys. J Alloys Compd 749:146–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Li Y-J, Luo X-T, Rashid H, Li C-J (2018) A new approach to prepare fully dense Cu with high conductivities and anti-corrosion performance by cold spray. J Alloys Compd 740:406–413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Alfantazi AM, Ahmed TM, Tromans D (2009) Corrosion behavior of copper alloys in chloride media. Mater Des 30(7):2425–2430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Lin X, Ni Y, Kokot S (2014) Electrochemical mechanism of eugenol at a cu doped gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode and its analytical application in food samples. Electrochim Acta 133:484–491

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Pourbaix M (1974) Atlas of electrochemical equilibria in aqueous solutions

  45. Beverskog B, Puigdomenech I (1995) Revised Pourbaix diagrams for copper at 5-150 C. SKi

  46. Hunt L (1934) The mechanism of electrodeposition. Trans Electrochem Soc 65(1):413–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Xiong H, Yu K, Yin X, Dai Y, Yan Y, Zhu H (2017) Effects of microstructure on the electrochemical discharge behavior of Mg-6wt%Al-1wt%Sn alloy as anode for Mg-air primary battery. J Alloys Compd 708:652–661

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Wang N, Wang R, Peng C, Peng B, Feng Y, Hu C (2014) Discharge behaviour of Mg-Al-Pb and Mg-Al-Pb-in alloys as anodes for Mg-air battery. Electrochim Acta 149:193–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are greatly thankful to Cukurova University Research fund. I also have the Prime Ministerial Scholarship that gives me financial support during my studies. I am also grateful for that.

Funding

This study has been financially supported by Cukurova University research fund (Project no. FDK-2015-5386).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Science and Letters Faculty, Chemistry Department, Çukurova University, Balcali, 01330, Adana, Turkey

    Rasiha Nefise Mutlu & Birgül Yazıcı

Authors
  1. Rasiha Nefise Mutlu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Birgül Yazıcı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rasiha Nefise Mutlu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mutlu, R.N., Yazıcı, B. Copper-deposited aluminum anode for aluminum-air battery. J Solid State Electrochem 23, 529–541 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-4146-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-018-4146-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation