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Theoretical study on the grafting reaction of maleimide containing 2-hydroxy-benzophenone onto polyethylene

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Abstract

A theoretical study on the multi-channel hydrogen addition of maleimide containing 2-hydroxy-benzophenone onto polyethylene in ultra-violet (UV) radiation cross-linking process was carried out using density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP/6–311 + G(d,p) level. The energetic information and the minimum energy path (MEP) are calculated for nine reaction channels. The electrophilic addition reactions at two positions in the target molecule (maleimide containing 2-hydroxy-benzophenone) were investigated, which are on the C atom of C = C groups and on the O atom of C = O groups. Frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) and natural bond orbital (NBO) charge population of the target molecule have been analyzed in detail. As a result, the reaction site of C in C = C group is more active than the site of O in C = O groups. The target molecule can be used as a multi-functional additive candidate. The predicted mechanism may provide a theoretical basis for the real application of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) high-voltage insulation cables.

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Data availability

The standard coordination of the TSs for every channel is given in the Supplementary information.

Code availability

The study was carried out on the basis of Gaussian 09, Revision A.01.

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Funding

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51337002) and Key Project of the Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2030).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application of Ministry of Education &, School of Material Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, People’s Republic of China

    Hui Zhang, Chi Deng, Xia Du, Yan Shang, Hong Zhao, Xuan Wang & Baozhong Han

  2. Shanghai Qifan Cable Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200008, People’s Republic of China

    Baozhong Han

  3. Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China

    Zesheng Li

Authors
  1. Hui Zhang
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  2. Chi Deng
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  3. Xia Du
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  4. Yan Shang
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  5. Hong Zhao
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  6. Xuan Wang
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  7. Baozhong Han
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  8. Zesheng Li
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Contributions

We declare that this work was done by the authors named in this article, and all liabilities pertaining to claims relating to the content of this article will be borne by the authors. In addition, a declaration of the role of each author is mentioned as follows: Prof Hui Zhang carried out the geometry optimizations, participated in data analysis, and drafted the manuscript; Dr Chi Deng carried out the calculation of stationary points and frequency analysis; Dr Xia Du carried out the calculation of charger density and the statistical analysis and collected field data; Prof Yan Shang participated in the analysis of the results; Prof Hong Zhao, Xuan Wang, and Baozhong Han designed the study; Prof Zesheng Li helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hui Zhang, Hong Zhao or Baozhong Han.

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Zhang, H., Deng, C., Du, X. et al. Theoretical study on the grafting reaction of maleimide containing 2-hydroxy-benzophenone onto polyethylene. J Mol Model 27, 259 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-021-04874-2

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