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Production of highly catalytic, archaeal Pd(0) bionanoparticles using Sulfolobus tokodaii

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Abstract

The thermo-acidophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus tokodaii, was utilized for the production of Pd(0) bionanoparticles from acidic Pd(II) solution. Use of active cells was essential to form well-dispersed Pd(0) nanoparticles located on the cell surface. The particle size could be manipulated by modifying the concentration of formate (as electron donor; e-donor) and by addition of enzymatic inhibitor (Cu2+) in the range of 14–63 nm mean size. Since robust Pd(II) reduction progressed in pre-grown S. tokodaii cells even in the presence of up to 500 mM Cl−, it was possible to conversely utilize the effect of Cl− to produce even finer and denser particles in the range of 8.7–15 nm mean size. This effect likely resulted from the increasing stability of anionic Pd(II)–chloride complex at elevated Cl− concentrations, eventually allowing involvement of greater number of initial Pd(0) crystal nucleation sites (enzymatic sites). The catalytic activity [evaluated based on Cr(VI) reduction reaction] of Pd(0) bionanoparticles of varying particle size formed under different conditions were compared. The finest Pd(0) bionanoparticles obtained at 50 mM Cl− (mean 8.7 nm; median 5.6 nm) exhibited the greatest specific Cr(VI) reduction rate, with four times higher catalytic activity compared to commercial Pd/C. The potential applicability of S. tokodaii cells in the recovery of highly catalytic Pd(0) nanoparticles from actual acidic chloride leachate was, thus, suggested.

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Acknowledgement

This work was partly supported by a grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS Kakenhi No. 26820394). We are grateful to Dr Yumi Fukunaga at the Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, for her support in TEM analysis. S.K. is grateful for financial assistance provided by the Kyushu University Advanced Graduated Program in Global Strategy for Green Asia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Resource Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan

    Santisak Kitjanukit, Keiko Sasaki & Naoko Okibe

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  1. Santisak Kitjanukit
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  2. Keiko Sasaki
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  3. Naoko Okibe
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Correspondence to Naoko Okibe.

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Communicated by G. Antranikian.

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Supplementary material 1 (PDF 1379 kb). SEM image of Pd(0) precipitates formed in cell-free controls

Supplementary material 2 (PDF 254 kb). Thermogravimetry analysis of Pd(0) bionanoparticles

792_2019_1106_MOESM3_ESM.pdf

Supplementary material 3 (PDF 247 kb). Comparison of the catalytic activity (based on the specific Cr(VI) reduction rate) of Pd(0) bionanoparticles (a–h) and commercial Pd/C catalyst (i). Pd(0) bionanoparticles were produced by S. tokodaii in the presence of either 5 mM formate (a–d) or 10 mM formate (e–h), under different conditions: (a) active cells, (b) active cells + Cu2+, (c) heat-killed cells, (d) cell-free controls, (e) active cells, (f) active cells + 10 mM Cl−, (g) active cells + 50 mM Cl−, and (h) active cells + 100 mM Cl−. The specific Cr(IV) reduction rates in Fig. 8 were calculated for the time interval of 0–5 h (a), 0–30 h (b), 0–30 h (c), 0–48 h (d), 0–10 h (e), 0–9 h (f), 0–1 h (g), 0–4 h (h), and 0–4 h (i). As e-donor for Cr(VI) reduction, 10 mM formate was used in all cases

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Kitjanukit, S., Sasaki, K. & Okibe, N. Production of highly catalytic, archaeal Pd(0) bionanoparticles using Sulfolobus tokodaii. Extremophiles 23, 549–556 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-019-01106-7

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