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The relationship between body mass index and stage/grade of periodontitis: a retrospective study

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Abstract

Objectives

Possible impact of obesity on stage and grade of periodontitis has never been investigated before. This study aimed to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and stage/grade of periodontitis per the current classification of periodontal diseases.

Material and methods

A total of 142 patients (82 males/60 females) were included in this study. “2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions” was taken as basis to characterize the stage/grade of periodontitis. Age, gender, smoking status, and frequency of tooth brushing, and medical data of the patients including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, BMI, and diabetes mellitus were obtained from the patient’s hospital records. Obesity was assessed by BMI using the “World Health Organization” criteria. For estimating the association between BMI and periodontitis, logistic regression analysis was utilized.

Results

BMI was statistically associated with clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), Plaque index (PI), stage and grade of periodontitis, and number of remaining teeth (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). According to the multiple regression analysis results, those with BMI 25–29.9 were found to be at risk of being stage III–IV 3.977 times (95% CI: 1.831–8.640, p < 0.001) higher than those with BMI < 25, and similarly, those with BMI ≥ 30 were found to be at risk of being stage III–IV 4.062 times (95% CI: 1.315–12.549, p = 0.015) higher than those with BMI < 25. No relationship was found between obesity and grade of periodontitis according to multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

BMI increases the likelihood of stage III and stage IV periodontitis; however, it does not have an impact on the grade of periodontitis.

Clinical relevance

It seems that obesity is related to the severity of periodontitis.

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Funding

The study was supported by Baskent University Research Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Bahçelievler, Ankara, 06790, Turkey

    Mehtap Bilgin Çetin & Yasemin Sezgin

  2. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Canan Önder

  3. Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Batuhan Bakirarar

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  1. Mehtap Bilgin Çetin
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Correspondence to Mehtap Bilgin Çetin.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Çetin, M.B., Sezgin, Y., Önder, C. et al. The relationship between body mass index and stage/grade of periodontitis: a retrospective study. Clin Oral Invest 26, 1937–1945 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04172-4

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