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The effect of human blood on the setting and surface micro-hardness of calcium silicate cements

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Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of human blood on the setting and microhardness of calcium silicate cements.

Materials and methods

Three types of silicate-based cements were used: ProRoot MTA (PMTA), OrthoMTA (OMTA), and RetroMTA (RMTA). Mixed cement was placed into polyethylene molds with lengths of 2 and 4 mm. After storage for 4 days under three different storage conditions, i.e., saline, saline after 5 min of human blood, and human blood, the polyethylene molds were removed. With the specimens set, the surface microhardness was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester, crystalline structure was analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the surface characteristics were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

All specimens of 4 mm in length were set with all materials, and the blood groups exhibited lower microhardnesses than did the saline groups (p < 0.05). Among the 2-mm specimens that were stored in blood, the numbers of specimens that set were significantly different across the materials (p < 0.001). Regarding the microhardnesses of the RMTA and OMTA groups, there were no significant differences between storage conditions. For the PMTA group, only one specimen that was set in the blood group exhibited reduced microhardness. XRD showed changes of crystalline structure in the PMTA and OMTA blood group, whereas RMTA did not. SEM analysis revealed more rounded and homogeneous structures and demonstrated a clear lack of acicular or needle-like crystals in the PMTA and OMTA blood groups, while RMTA did not reveal substantial differences between the saline- and blood-stored groups.

Conclusion

Blood contamination detrimentally affected the surface microhardnesses of all materials; furthermore, among the 2-mm specimens, blood contamination interfered with normal setting. Therefore, RMTA might be a more suitable choice when blood contamination is unavoidable due to limited depth.

Clinical relevance

RetroMTA might be a more suitable choice in situations in which blood contamination is unavoidable.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Constitutive & Regenerative Sciences Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Minju Song

  2. Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea

    Wonyoung Yue & Euiseong Kim

  3. College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

    Soyeon Kim, Wooksung Kim, Yaelim Kim & Jeong-Woong Kim

Authors
  1. Minju Song
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  2. Wonyoung Yue
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  3. Soyeon Kim
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  4. Wooksung Kim
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  5. Yaelim Kim
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  6. Jeong-Woong Kim
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  7. Euiseong Kim
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Euiseong Kim.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Funding

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2015R1D1A1A09057552).

Ethical approval

This article contains study with human participants. Approval for this project was obtained from the Yonsei University Committee for Research on Human Subjects (2014–0024).

Informed consent

For this study, informed consents for human blood collection were acquired.

Additional information

Dr. Minju Song and Wonyoung Yue contributed equally to this work as first authors.

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Song, M., Yue, W., Kim, S. et al. The effect of human blood on the setting and surface micro-hardness of calcium silicate cements. Clin Oral Invest 20, 1997–2005 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1693-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1693-z

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