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Relation of gelsolin amyloidosis and periodontal health

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Abstract

Objective

Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel amyloidosis) is a rare, dominantly inherited systemic disease with worldwide distribution, caused by a gelsolin gene mutation. We studied the periodontal conditions and microbiological plaque composition of AGel amyloidosis patients.

Material and methods

A voluntary study group of 36 AGel amyloidosis patients (mean age 61) filled in a questionnaire. A thorough periodontal examination included periodontal pocket depth and attachment level measurements, registrations of visible plaque, bleeding on probing and panoramic radiographs. The presence of oral Candida was studied by fungal culture method. Bacterial samples from deepened pockets (≥4 mm) were analyzed with checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method.

Results

VPI (15.3 %) and BOP (11.2 %) of the patients were modest reflecting relatively adequate oral self-care. Still 89 % of the patients had at least one PPD of ≥4 mm; 78.5 % of the PPDs ≥6 mm were found in molars. Patients had lost one third of the molars due to periodontitis and/or tooth decay. Half of the patients (53 %) were Candida carriers. Bacterial analysis of subgingival plaque samples revealed bacterial species common to chronic periodontitis.

Conclusion

AGel amyloidosis may increase the risk for periodontitis even when the oral self-care is adequate. Molar teeth appear to be mostly affected, leading to tooth loss.

Clinical relevance

AGel amyloidosis as a systemic disease is related with a vast variety of symptoms with variable severity. Even though a causal relationship of the systemic disease and periodontitis has not yet been proven, increased risk for periodontal problems should be considered when examining AGel amyloidosis patients.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Anneli Sinkkonen for her assistance in clinical examinations. This study was supported by the grants from the Universities of Helsinki (HUS-EVO grant) and Turku, and the Finnish Dental Society Apollonia.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Pirjo L. Juusela, Anja R. Nieminen & Veli-Jukka Uitto

  2. Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Rutger G. Persson

  3. Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Sari M. Kiuru-Enari

Authors
  1. Pirjo L. Juusela
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  2. Rutger G. Persson
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  3. Anja R. Nieminen
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  4. Sari M. Kiuru-Enari
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  5. Veli-Jukka Uitto
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Correspondence to Pirjo L. Juusela.

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Juusela, P.L., Persson, R.G., Nieminen, A.R. et al. Relation of gelsolin amyloidosis and periodontal health. Clin Oral Invest 19, 229–235 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1254-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1254-x

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