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Bleaching effectiveness, hydrogen peroxide diffusion, and cytotoxicity of a chemically activated bleaching gel

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Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bleaching effectiveness, hydrogen peroxide diffusion (H2O2), and cytotoxicity of a bleaching gel with 35 % H2O2 either associated with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) or not.

Materials and methods

Enamel/dentin discs adapted to artificial pulp chambers were placed in compartments containing a culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)) and distributed into the following groups: G1—no treatment (negative control), G2—10 % carbamide peroxide (one application for 4 h), G3—35 % H2O2 (three applications for 15 min), and G4—35 % H2O2 + 0.004 g FeSO4 (three applications for 15 min). After treatments, the extracts (DMEM + bleaching components that diffused across enamel and dentin) were applied on human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23). Cell viability (MTT assay, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney, α = 5 %), quantification of H2O2 diffusion, and color change of the enamel/dentin discs (Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage L*a*b* system) were assessed (analysis of variance and Tukey's tests, α = 5 %).

Results

For both cells, a significant reduction in cell viability was observed for G3 and G4 compared with G1 and G2. No statistical difference was observed between G3 and G4. The rate of H2O2 diffusion was significantly higher in G3 compared with that in G2 and G4. The ΔE value for G4 was statistically higher than that of the other groups.

Conclusions

Chemical activation of H2O2 by FeSO4 improves the bleaching effectiveness. However, this metal ion has no significant protective effect against pulp cell cytotoxicity.

Clinical relevance

Although the chemical activation of H2O2 by adding FeSO4 to the bleaching agent improved the bleaching effectiveness, this metal ion has no significant protective effect against pulp cell cytotoxicity.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the “Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)” (grant # 2011/12938-8) and the “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq” (grant # 301029/2010-1) for the financing granted.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil, 14801-903

    Carla Caroline de Oliveira Duque, Fernanda Gonçalves Basso & Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa

  2. Oral Rehabilitation Program, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil, 14801-903

    Diana Gabriela Soares

  3. Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, Brazil, 14801-903

    Josimeri Hebling

Authors
  1. Carla Caroline de Oliveira Duque
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  2. Diana Gabriela Soares
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  3. Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
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  4. Josimeri Hebling
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  5. Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
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Correspondence to Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa.

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de Oliveira Duque, C.C., Soares, D.G., Basso, F.G. et al. Bleaching effectiveness, hydrogen peroxide diffusion, and cytotoxicity of a chemically activated bleaching gel. Clin Oral Invest 18, 1631–1637 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1147-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1147-4

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