Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Eosinophils may predict occult lymph node metastasis in early oral cancer

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate whether tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) in early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) would aid in predicting occult lymph node metastasis.

Patients and methods

Seventy-one patients undergoing elective neck dissection for T1 and T2 OSCC were evaluated for clinical features, prognosis, and TATE. The degree of TATE in OSCC was statistically analyzed in relation to the clinicopathological features, tumor invasion, occult lymph node metastasis, and survival using χ 2 test and Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed that intense TATE was a significant feature (p = 0.004) to predict occult lymph node metastasis in patients with early OSCC. All regional recurrences of the OSCC occurred in patients showing intense TATE.

Conclusions

These results suggest that intense TATE can be clinically used as a predictive factor for occult lymph node metastasis.

Clinical relevance

The presence of intense TATE is an adjunctive histopathological marker to reinforce the indication of elective neck dissection of the patients with early OSCC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kowalski LP, Medina JE (1998) Nodal metastases: predictive factors. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 31:621–637

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ferlito A, Rinaldo R, Silver CE et al (2006) Neck dissection: then and now. Auris Nasus Larynx 33:365–374

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kowalski LP, Sanabria A (2007) Elective neck dissection in oral carcinoma: a critical review of the evidence. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 27:113–117

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wu-long J, Wei-min Y, Jia-wei Z, Liang Z, Han-guang Z, Zhi-yuan Z, Jie T (2008) Occult cervical lymph node metastases in 100 consecutive patients with cN0 tongue cancer. Chin Med J 121:1871–1874

    Google Scholar 

  5. Stoeckli SJ, Alkureishi LWT, Ross GL (2009) Sentinel node biopsy for early oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 266:787–793

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Amaral TMP, Freire ARS, Carvalho AL, Pinto CAL, Kowalski LP (2004) Predictive factors of occult metastasis and prognosis of clinical stages I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Oral Oncol 40:780–786

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yoshida K, Kashima K, Suenaga S, Nomi N, Shuto J, Suzuk M (2005) Immunohistochemical detection of cervical lymph node micrometastases from T2N0 tongue cancer. Acta Otolaryngol 125:654–658

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Faustino SES, Oliveira DT, Nonogaki S, Landman G, Carvalho AL, Kowalski LP (2008) Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C does not predict occult lymph node metastasis in early oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofacial Surg 37:372–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Goerkem M, Braun J, Stoeckli SJ (2010) Evaluation of clinical and histomorphological parameters as potential predictors of occult metastases in sentinel lymph nodes of early squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Ann Surg Oncol 17:527–535

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Said M, Wiseman S, Yang J, Alrawi S, Douglas W, Chenev R, Hicks W, Rigual N, Loree T, Spiegel G, Tan D (2005) Tissue eosinophilia: a morphologic marker for assessing stromal invasion in laryngeal squamous neoplasms. BMC Clin Pathol 5:1–8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Falconieri G, Luna MA, Pizzolitto S, DeMaglio G, Angione V, Rocco M (2008) Eosinophil-rich squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity: a study of 13 cases and delineation of a possible new microscopic entity. Ann Diagn Pathol 12:322–327

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Oliveira DT, Tjioe KC, Assao A, Faustino SES, Carvalho AL, Landman G, Kowalski LP (2009) Tissue eosinophilia and its association with tumoral invasion of oral cancer. Int J Surg Pathol 17:244–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Alrawi SJ, Tan D, Stoler DL, Dayton M, Anderson GR, Monica P, Douglas W, Hicks W Jr, Rigual N, Loree T (2005) Tissue eosinophilic infiltration: a useful marker for assessing stromal invasion, survival and locoregional recurrence in head and neck squamous neoplasia. Cancer J 11:217–225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Goldsmith MM, Belchis DA, Cresson DH, Merritt WD, Askin FB (1992) The importance of the eosinophil in head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 106:27–33

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ohashi Y, Ishibashi S, Suzuki T, Shineha R, Moriya T, Satomi S, Sasano H (2000) Significance of tumor associated tissue eosinophilia and other inflammatory cell infiltrate in early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res 20:3025–3030

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Dorta RG, Landman G, Kowalski LP, Lauris JR, Latorre MR, Oliveira DT (2002) Tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia as a prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Histopathology 41:152–157

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ono Y, Ozawa M, Tamura Y, Suzuki T, Suzuki K, Kurokawa K, Fukabori Y, Yamanaka H (2002) Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia of penile cancer. Int J Urol 9:82–87

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Horiuchi K, Mishima K, Ohsawa M, Sugimura M, Aozasa K (1993) Prognostic factors for well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity with emphasis on immunohistochemical evaluation. J Surg Oncol 53:92–96

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ercan I, Cakir B, Basak T, Ozdemir T, Sayin I, Turgut S (2005) Prognostic significance of stromal eosinophilic infiltration in cancer of the larynx. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132:869–873

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Tadbir AA, Ashraf MJ, Sardari Y (2009) Prognostic significance of stromal eosinophilic infiltration in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Craniofac Surg 20:287–289

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Sobin LH, Wittekind C (2002) International union against cancer. TNM: classification of malignant tumours, 6th edn. Wiley-Liss, New York

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hermanek P, Hutter RV, Sobin LH, Wittekind C (1999) International Union Against Cancer classification of isolated tumor cells and micrometastasis. Cancer 86:2668–2673

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Capote A, Escorial V, Muñoz-Guerra MF, Rodríguez-Campo FJ, Gamallo C, Naval L (2007) Elective neck dissection in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma: does it influence recurrence and survival? Head Neck 29:3–11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Okamoto M, Nishimine M, Kishi M, Kirita T, Sugimura M, Nakamura M, Konishi N (2002) Prediction of delayed neck metastasis in patients with stage I/II squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. J Oral Pathol Med 31:227–233

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Grant Nos. 2009/10770-2 and 2007/04907-0) for supporting this study.

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Stomatology, Area of Pathology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, CEP 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

    D. T. Oliveira, T. P. Biassi & S. E. S. Faustino

  2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fundação Pio XII, Cancer Hospital of Barretos, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil

    A. L. Carvalho

  3. Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil

    G. Landman

  4. Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil

    L. P. Kowalski

Authors
  1. D. T. Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. P. Biassi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. E. S. Faustino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. L. Carvalho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. G. Landman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. L. P. Kowalski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. T. Oliveira.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Oliveira, D.T., Biassi, T.P., Faustino, S.E.S. et al. Eosinophils may predict occult lymph node metastasis in early oral cancer. Clin Oral Invest 16, 1523–1528 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-011-0651-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-011-0651-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation